Nervous System Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

3 functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Interprets and responds to sensory information
  2. Homeostasis
  3. Experience emotion + learn and reason
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2
Q

4 components of nervous response?

A
  1. Receive
  2. Transmit
  3. Interpret
  4. Respond
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3
Q

2 functions of the autonomic nerves?

A
  1. Sympathetic
  2. Parasympathetic
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4
Q

What is the sympathetic response?

A

Prepares body for stress (fight vs flight)

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5
Q

What is the parasympathetic response?

A

Opp of sympathetic (rest and digest)

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6
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Conduct impulses and respond to stimuli.
(Bundled into tissues called nerves)

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7
Q

What is the coordinating center?

A

The spinal cord

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8
Q

Define membrane potential

A

Charges difference in out and in of neuron

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9
Q

Membrane is more permeable to potassium (K). True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

What happens to the membrane when a nerve impulse arrives?

A

Changes permeability. (Other proteins in membrane)

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11
Q

What happens at the peak of action potential?

A

Sodium channels close and potassium channels open.

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12
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

Period of hyperpolarization (overshoot) and other action potential cannot be started.

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13
Q

define threshold level.

A

Minimum stimulus needed to produce response.
- different in each neuron

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14
Q

Define saltatory conduction

A

Rapid transmission of action potential
- only happens at nodes of Ranvier

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15
Q

2 ways intensity can be increased

A
  1. Frequency (pressure)
  2. More neurons are stimulated
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16
Q

Define neuromuscular junction

A
  • Synapse where motor neuron transmits to muscle
17
Q

Is excitatory allowing sodium to pass? What about inhibitory?

A

E = Sodium in
I = Potassium out

18
Q

Define integration

A

Summary of all the excite and inhibitory neurotransmitters

19
Q

Total integration of signal reaches threshold, what happens?

A

Action potential happens

20
Q

3 important neurotransmitters and their function

A

ANG
1. Acetylcholine (excitatory in effectors)
2. Norepinephrine (both)
3. GABA (inhibit in brain, helps stimuli)

21
Q

How is ACh absorbed?

A

Reabsorbed through protein channels and broken down.

22
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Nourish and remove waste from neurons, helps support faster transmission

23
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes found? And what do they do?

A

Produce ONLY myelin
In white matter of brain (CNS)
No neurilemma = no regeneration

24
Q

When a nerve impulse arrives, what happens?

A

Membrane permeability changes

25
T/F: There are no variations in speed or intensity of the action potential
True
26
Are ion channels in the axon voltage-gated?
Yes
27
How do neonicotinoids kill bugs? (Insecticide)
Bind to acetylcholine receptor - overstimulation
28
How many nerves does the spinal cord have?
31
29
What does the cerebral cortex do?
Coordinating center for sensory info and voluntary motor actions (More folds for SA = increase function)
30
Define ganglion/ganglia
Collection/cluster of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system
31
What do the interneurons/association neurons do?
Integrate and interpret sensory info while connecting sensory neurons to motor