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Minor P4 > Nervous system 2 > Flashcards

Nervous system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Resting membrane potential?

A
  • -65 mV -> Inside axon is negative charge
  • Na+/K+ pump
  • Leakage of K+
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2
Q

How do you get difference in charge in and out of axon?

A

3 Na+ ions go out and 2 K+ ions go in. = more positive charge to the outside

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3
Q

What happens during Action potential?

A

More Na+ goes inside the axon
Inside of axon gets positively charged and outside is negatively charged
- Continues happening over the length of the axon

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4
Q

What 5 steps happen during action potential process?

A
  1. Resting state = negative charge in axon
  2. Depolarization = Some Na+ goes in axon, still negative charge
  3. Rising action potential = More Na+ goes in axon, now positive charge
  4. Failing action potential = Na+ channels block, K+ leaves axon, negative charge
  5. Undershoot = too much K+ leaves axon, then back to resting state
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5
Q

What does the synapse do?

A

Release of neurotransmitters after reaching action potential
Neurotransmitters sit in vesicles

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Synapse?

A

Presynaptic cell
Synaptic cleft
Postsynaptic cell

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7
Q

What is the excitatory synapse?

A

Activated synapse

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8
Q

What is the Inhibitory synapse

A

Synapse inhibited by substances

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9
Q

How do neurotransmitters get released? (5)

A
  • Ca+ comes in synapse
  • Ca triggers vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane
  • Neurotransmitters get released
  • Neurotransmitters bind to ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane
  • Na+ and K+ can pass through
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10
Q

How does neurotransmitter signalling end? (3)

A
  • Diffusion, transmitters get taken out by astrocytes
  • Reuptake, gets back into the synapse to reuse
  • Enzymatic degradation, enzyme removes transmitters
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11
Q

What are the main neurotransmitters? (5)

A

Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Glutamate
Gaba

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12
Q

What is the function of acetylcholine? (3)

A
  • Rem sleep
  • Learning & memory
  • Muscle contraction
  • Atropine = toxic
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13
Q

What can Acetylcholine interact with? 3

A
  • Nicotine = stimulates
  • Curare & botulinum toxin = blocks receptors = paralysis (botulism)
  • Atropine = inhibitor
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14
Q

How is Dopamine made?

A

Tyrosine

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15
Q

What does Dopamine affect? (2)

A
  • Movement
  • Addictions
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16
Q

What does Serotonin affect? (3)

A
  • Mood
  • Sleep
  • Pain
17
Q

What do antidepressants do?

A

Prevent reuptake of serotonin  stays longer on receptor

18
Q

What does Glutamate do?

A

Activation of neurons

19
Q

What does Gaba do?

A

Inhibition of neurons

20
Q

What can Glutamate and Gaba imbalance cause?

A

Epilepsy

Minor P4 (15 decks)

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