Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

neuron

A

specialized nervous tissue with the purpose of transmitting electrical signals

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2
Q

central nervous sytem

A

brain which is housed in the cranium and the spine which is housed in the vertebral column

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves that connect to the rest of the body

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4
Q

nerves

A

an organ composed of bundles of axons, connective tissue layers, and blood vessels

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5
Q

somatic sensory

A

consciously perceive stimuli

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6
Q

visceral sensory

A

detects stimuli that we don’t usually consciously perceive

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7
Q

epineurium

A

outermost supporting connective tissue layer of peripheral nerves

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8
Q

perineurium

A

fibrous sheath enveloping each of the fascicles within nerves

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9
Q

endoneurium

A

areolar connective tissue that surrounds each axon of a peripheral nerve

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10
Q

cranial nerves

A

extend from the brain itself

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11
Q

spinal nerves

A

extend from the spine

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12
Q

sensory nerves

A

takes information to the CNS

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13
Q

motor nerves

A

receives information from the CNS

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14
Q

ganglion

A

cluster of neuron cell bodies within the PNS

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15
Q

nervous tissue

A

primary tissue of the nervous system, consists of either neurons or glial cells

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16
Q

soma

A

neuron cell body

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17
Q

perikaryon

A

cytoplasm within the neuron cell body

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18
Q

dendrites

A

small tapering processes that branch off the cell body

19
Q

axoplasm

A

cytoplasm in the axon

20
Q

axolemma

A

plasma membrane of an axon

21
Q

axon

A

longer process emanating from the cell body, meant to make contact with other neurons

22
Q

synapse

A

specific location where a neuron is functionally connected to either another neuron or effector (muscle or gland)

23
Q

glial

A

cells that are sometimes referred to as neuroglia. they’re smaller then neurons and capable of cell division. they don’t transmit electrical signals but instead assist neurons

24
Q

astrocyte cells

A

star like shape and most abundant in the CNS

25
Q

ependymal cells

A

simple cuboidal cells that lines the internal caves of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

26
Q

microglial cell

A

small cells with branches extending from the main body. smallest percentage of CNS cells

27
Q

satellite cells

A

flattened cells around neuronal cell bodies and ganglion

28
Q

schwan cells

A

elongated ang flattened cells that wrap around PNS cells to form a myelin sheath

29
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

large cells with bulbous bodies and slender cytoplasmic extensions which wraps around axons for insulation

30
Q

unipolar neurons

A

single shot neuron processes that branch out like a T

31
Q

bipolar neurons

A

2 processes that extend from either side of the body, one axon and one dendrite, extremely limited in the body

32
Q

multipolar neurons

A

many dendrites and a single axon which makes them the most common neuron type

33
Q

pumps

A

maintains specific concentration gradients by moving substances against a concentration gradient

34
Q

channels

A

provides the means for a substance to move down with its concentration gradient. Contains 2 types of channels: Leak (passive) channels, and Chemically Gated Channels.

35
Q

leak channels

A

always open and allows for constant diffusion of a specific gradient (high concentration to low concentration)

36
Q

Chemically Gated Channels

A

normally closed but temporarily open in response to binding of a neurotransmitter and only allows for a specific type of ion to diffuse

37
Q

Voltage Gated Channels

A

normally closed but sometimes change in response to changes in electrical potential in the plasma membrane

38
Q

Generation of an EPSP

A

neurotransmitter is released, chemically gated cation channels open, EPSP is established, EPSP moves towards initial segment.

39
Q

all or none law

A

if a threshold is reached there will be no changed in intensity. works opposite way too

40
Q

neurotransmitters

A

small organic molecules that are synthesized by neurons and stored within vesicles within synaptic knobs

41
Q

neuromodulators

A

substances that locally regulate or alter the response of neurons to neurotransmitters

42
Q

facilitation

A

when there is greater response from a postsynaptic neuron because of the release of neuromodulators

43
Q

inhibition

A

when there is less response from a postsynaptic neuron because of the release of neuromodulators

44
Q
A