Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ap 1 > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five general functions of muscle?

A

moving, posture maintenance, protection, heat production, regulate elimination of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is muscle excitability?

A

ability of a cell to respond to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is muscle conductivity?

A

electrical signal that is propagated along the plasma membrane as voltage-gated channels open sequentially during an action potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is muscle contractility?

A

when contractile proteins in skeletal muscle slide past one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is muscle extensibility?

A

the lengthening of a muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is muscle elasticity?

A

the ability of a muscle cell to return to its original length after either shortening or lengthening of the muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are skeletal muscle cells also called?

A

skeletal muscle fibers due to their extreme length. Muscle fibers also works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the epimysium?

A

a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the perimysium?

A

later of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is endomysium?

A

areolar connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber and gives it nutrient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is deep fascia?

A

an additional expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that is external to the epimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is skeletal muscle vascularized?

A

yes its filled with blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are satellite cells?

A

muscular stem cells in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the sarcolemma?

A

the plasma membrane of a muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are T-tubules?

A

network of narrow, membraneous tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

they’re what makes up a skeletal muscle fiber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

internal membrane complex that’s similar to the Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are myofilaments?

A

contractile proteins that are bundled within myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are thick filaments?

A

200-500 myosin protein molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are thin filaments?

A

approx half the diameter of thick filaments and

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the first physiologic event of contraction?

A

the muscle fiber excitation by a somatic motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a nerve signal?

A

electrical signal that is propagated down axons. Also the first step that occurs at a neuromuscular junction

23
Q

what is the second occurrence at a neuromuscular junction?

A

the binding of Ca2+ to synaptic vesicles which results in the release of ACH

24
Q

what is the third occurrence at a neuromuscular junction?

A

Binding of ACH at a Motor End Plate. this causes the excitation of skeletal muscle fiber

25
Q

what is the first step of Excitation Contraction coupling?

A

development of endplate potential at the motor end plate

26
Q

what is an end plate potential?

A

the threshold at which the motor end gate can trigger an opening of voltage gated channels in the sarcolemma to initiate an action potential

27
Q

what is the second step of Excitation Contraction coupling?

A

initiation and propagation of Action potential along the sarcomere and T-tubules

28
Q

what is the third step of excitation contraction coupling?

A

the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

29
Q

what is cross bridge cycling?

A

four step process that is repeated

30
Q

what is the first step of cross bridge cycling?

A

cross bridge formation, where myosin heads which are “cocked” attach to exposed myosin binding sites of actin

31
Q

what is the second step of cross bridge cycling?

A

power stroke; the myosin head swivels in what is called a power stroke, which pulls the thin filament where a small distance past the thick filament towards the center of sarcomere

32
Q

what is the third step of cross bridge cycling?

A

release of myosin head atp, where ATP binds to the ATP binding site of a myosin head, which causes the release of the myosin head from the binding site on actin

33
Q

what is the fourth step of cross bridge cycling?

A

resetting of myosin head; myosin ATPase splits ATP into ADP and P providing the energy to reset the myosin head in the cocked position

34
Q

what is the first step to skeletal muscle relaxation?

A

the termination of the rapid nerve signals propagated along the motor neuron

35
Q

what is creatine phosphate?

A

a molecule with a high energy chemical bond between creatine and P and is present in tissues with both large and fluctuating energy needs.

36
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A

occurs within the mitochondria and requires oxygen; three stages: intermediate step, citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system

37
Q

Oxygen Debt

A

amount of additional oxygen that is consumed following exercise to restore pre exercise conditions

38
Q

Muscle power

A

relates to the diameter of a muscle fiber, larger muscle fibers have a larger number of myofibrils in parallel allowing them to produce a more powerful contraction

39
Q

Muscle Speed

A

based on whether the skeletal muscle fiber expresses the relatively slow or fast genetic variant of myosin ATPase, the enzyme that splits ATP

40
Q

slow oxidative fibers

A

type 1 fibers which typically have half the diameter of other skeletal muscle fibers and contain slow myosin ATPase. slower and less powerful contractions but they go over long amounts of time without fatigue

41
Q

fast oxidative fibers

A

intermediate fibers or type IIa, least numerous of the skeletal muscle fiber types, they contain fast myosin ATPase and a fast and powerful contraction

42
Q

fast glycolic fibers

A

fast anaerobic fibers or type Iix, most prevalent fibers in skeletal muscle which provides both power and speed, but fatigue quickly

43
Q

muscle tension

A

the force a muscle exerts because a muscle can only pull on a structure. essentially allows for body part movement

44
Q

muscle twitch

A

myogram of a single brief stimulation of a skeletal muscle thatt results in a single contraction event.

45
Q

muscle tone

A

resting tension in a skeletal muscle generated by involuntary somatic nervous stimulation of the muscle

46
Q

isometric contraction

A

when force generated is less than the load, therefore there’s no movement of the muscle

47
Q

muscle fatigue

A

reduced ability or inability of the skeletal muscle to produce muscle tension

48
Q

causes of muscle fatigue

A

excitation at the neuromuscular junction, excitation contraction coupling, cross bridge cycling

49
Q

cardiac muscles

A

individual muscle cells arranged in thick bundles within the heart wall. thinner and shorter than skeletal muscles

50
Q

muscle action

A

the primary action or movement of the muscle include flexor, extensor, and pronator

51
Q

specific body regions

A

muscles that are close to the body surface are often termed superficial or externus

52
Q

muscle attachments

A

muscle names identify prominent attachment

53
Q

orbicularis

A

muscles that are in a circular shape, around the eye and mouth specifically

54
Q
A

Ap 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions