Features and Anatomy of Selected Joints Flashcards
understand joints
what is a fibrous joint?
joint that has no cavity and is where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue
what is a cartilaginous joint?
a joint that has no cavity and occurs where bones are held together by cartilage.
what is a synovial joint?
a joint that has a cavity where bones are connected, the cavity is filled with fluid that separates the 2 articulating surfaces of the bones.
synarthrosis
completely immobile joint. 2 fibrous joints and 1 cartilaginous joint are synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
slightly mobile joint, 1 type of fibrous joint and 1 type of cartilaginous joints
diarthrosis
freely mobile joints, all synovial joints are diarthrosis joints, but no fibrous nor cartilaginous joints are diarthrosis joints.
gomphosis
peg in a socket, only joint in the human body that’s gomphosis is tooth roots.
sutures
fibrous joints that are only found between certain joints in the skull, they allow for growth and change in the different bones of the skull
syndesmoses
fibrous joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue. they are considered amphiarthroses
interosseous membrane
found between radius and ulna which are bound by a broad ligamentous sheet. aka the interosseous membrane
synchondrosis
when bones are connected with hyaline cartilage
symphysis
has a pad of fibrocartilage between articulating bones. it resists both compression and tension
articular
joint capsule which holds fluid
what does synovial fluid do?
lubricates joints, nourishes the chondrocytes, and acts as a shock absorber
tendons
like ligaments where they’re made of dense regular connective tissue but they aren’t part of the joint itself, but rather connect muscle to bone.
what is a plane joint?
simplest synovial articulation and also the least mobile type of diarthrosis.
what is a hinge joint?
formed by the convex surface of one articulating bone fitting into the concave depression of another bone in the joint. (Ex. elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints of the hand and foot, and tibiotalar joint of the knee.)
what is a pivot joint?
uniaxial joint that has one articulating bone with a rounded surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone. (Ex. neck, and the radius and ulna
what is a condylar joint?
biaxial joints with an oval, convex surface on one bone that articulates with a concave articular surface of the second bone of the joint. (Ex. between radius and carpal joints in the wrist)
what is a saddle joint?
articular bones have convex and concave regions that resemble a saddle. (Ex. between trapezium and 1st metacarpal bone)
what is a ball and socket joint?
multi-axial joints that are shaped like a ball and socket. (Ex. arm and shoulder, hip and femur
what is gliding?
a simple movement when 2 opposing surfaces slide slightly back and forth or side to side.
what is angular motion?
either decreases or increases the angle between two bones. flexion, extension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
what is the sternoclavicular joint?
saddle joint formed by the articulation between the manubrium of the sternum and the sternal end of the clavicle
what is a acromioclavicular joint?
plane joint between the acromion of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle
what is the glenohumeral joint?
simply put its the shoulder joint. a ball and socket joint
what is the talocrural joint?
the ankle joint, a modified hinge joint.
what is the deltoid ligament?
binds the tibia to the food on the medial side.
what is a lateral ligament?
binds the fibula to the foot on the lateral side
what is the tibiofibular ligament?
binds the tibia to the fibula.
what are the types of arthritis?
osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis
what is osteoarthritis?
degenerative arthritis more common in older adults. chronic degenerative arthritis.
what is rheumatoid arthritis?
typically seen in younger and middle aged adults, which comes with pain, joint swelling, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and problems with the heart and blood vessels.
