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Biology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

CNS stands for..

A

The central nervous sytem

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2
Q

PNS stands for…

A

The peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

How the body responds to internal and external changes

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4
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Nerve fibres and bundles of axons

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5
Q

What do nerve endings do?

A

Connect sensory neurons to receptor cells or sense organs

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6
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Fibres that carry impulses towards the cell body

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7
Q

What do axons do ?.

A

Carry impulses away from cell bodies

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8
Q

Function of Schwann cells?

A

Produce the myelin sheath

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9
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Fat rich layer that insulates electric impulses

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10
Q

What is the cell body?

A

Contains nucleus and organelles.
Mitochondria provide energy and movement of nerve impulses

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11
Q

Steps carried out by the nervous system …

A

Reception
Transmission
Integration
Response

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12
Q

Reception is when..

A

Stimulus is detected by receptors

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13
Q

What are receptors?

A

Specialised cells that detect changes in the environment

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14
Q

What happens during transmission?

A

A message passes along the neurons from the brain to the thalamus

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15
Q

What happens during integration?

A

Messages are sorted and processed
A response is decided upon by the CNS

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16
Q

How is response carried out?

A

By effectors when stimulated by the neurons

17
Q

Name the 3 types of neurons

A

Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Interneuron

18
Q

Function of the sensory neuron

A

Takes a message from a sense organ to the CNS

19
Q

Function of the motor neuron

A

Takes a message from the CNS to a muscle or gland

20
Q

Function of the interneuron

A

Carries information between sensory neuron and Morton neurons

21
Q

What do effectors do?

A

Carry out a response in muscles or glands

22
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A nerve cell specialised to carry information from 1 places to the other

23
Q

What is the threshold?

A

The minimum stimulus needed to cause an impulse to be carried in a neuron

24
Q

State the ‘all or nothing law’

A

If the threshold os reached , an impulse is carried if the threshold is not reached no impulse is carried

25
Q

What happens at the threshold?

A

The site of stimulation causes a change in permeability as the neuron becomes more permeable to Na ions , moving from outside to inside the membrane . As this change begins more of the neuron becomes permeable. By this , impulses travel on and pumps Na ions black out

26
Q

What are the nodes of ranvier?

A

The location (only)for the change in permeability and movement of ions. It speeds up the transmission of impulse

27
Q

What is the synapse?

A

A region where 2 neurons come into close contact. Its made up of pre synaptic neuron and post synaptic neruons

28
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?.

A

A tiny gap between 2 neurons at the synapse. Neurotransmitter chemicals are secreted into it

29
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemicals released by swellings which diffuse across the synaptic cleft

30
Q

Examples of neurotransmitters are…….

A

Dopamine and acetylcholine

31
Q

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

A

They diffuse across the synaptic cleft.get broken down by enzymes.the products return to pre synaptic neuron.and are remade

32
Q

In the presynaptic what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

They remake the neurotransmitter chemicals as is has atp energy

33
Q

Cause of Parkinson’s disease…

A

Unknown

34
Q

WHat is Parkinson’s disease?

A

A lack of dopamine in the nervous system

35
Q

Hat are the symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A

Tremor
Fixed stare
Stiff joints

36
Q

What are treatments for Parkinson’s?

A

Medicine that mimics dopamine
Physiotherapy

Biology (5 decks)

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