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Biology > Chpt 26 The Heart And Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chpt 26 The Heart And Blood Vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

We need a circulatory system because..

A

Diffusion is slow in large organisms

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2
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Blood pumped from heart to blood vessels, then leaves vessels and passes through different parts of the body the back to heart

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3
Q

Animals with open circulatory systems include

A

Insects, crabs

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4
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

In humans. Blood is enclosed in blood vessels. Faster circulation of blood. Easier regulation of blood such as when we are active needing direct movement to muscles

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5
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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6
Q

Blood in arteries

A

Is under high pressure

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7
Q

The walls of arteries are

A

Thick and strong

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8
Q

What type of lumen do arteries have

A

Small lumen

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9
Q

O arteries have valves

A

No

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10
Q

Veins carry blood

A

To the heart

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11
Q

Blood in the veins is under

A

Low pressure

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12
Q

The wall of veins are

A

Thin and weak

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13
Q

The lumen of vein is

A

Large

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14
Q

Do veins have valves

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is the name of the outer layer of protein

A

Collagen

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16
Q

Collagen function

A

Tough layer that prevents vessel from expanding too much

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17
Q

Function of muscle and elastic fibres

A

Alter size of vessel

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18
Q

What is the endothelium

A

A thin layer of living cells

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19
Q

Function of valves

A

Prevent backflow

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20
Q

Structure of capillaries?

A

Tiny branched vessels
Thin walls

21
Q

What is porous?

A

In the walls of capillaries
So materials can easily pass in and out of capillaries

22
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters the…

A

Through vena cava into right atrium

23
Q

Function of right atrium

A

Pumps blood through tricuspid valve ,into right ventricle

24
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood…

A

Through pulmonary artery to lungs

25
Q

Oxygenated blood comes from the

A

Lungs

26
Q

Blood from the lungs enters

A

The though pulmonary veins into left atrium

27
Q

The left atrium pumps blood….

A

Through bicuspid valve to the left ventricle

28
Q

Where does the left atrium pump blood?

A

Out the aorta to the rest of the whole body

29
Q

Function of tricuspid and bicuspid valves?

A

Ensures blood does not pass from ventricles back to atria

30
Q

Unction of semilunar valves

A

Ensure that blood can’t be sucked back into heart

31
Q

Why are the walls of ventricles thick?

A

Because they pump blood a long distance (all around the body)

32
Q

Thick wall on left ventricle because?

A

It has to exert a strong pressure to pump blood all the way around the body

33
Q

Left had side of heart pumps blood to

A

The lung

34
Q

Right hand side of heart pumps blood

A

Around the rest of the body

35
Q

Advantages of double circulation ?

A

1 Oxygen Rich and oxygen poor are separated
2 blood pressure is high so can reach all body parts

36
Q

Diastole

A

When the heart muscle is relaxed

37
Q

Systole

A

When the heart is contracted

38
Q

What is the pace maker?

A

Also called SA node
Located in the right atrium
It controls the rate of heartbeat

39
Q

How does the pacemaker control heartbeat ?

A

Sends out electrical pulses
Causing aria to contract
When reacher a trio ventricular is the pulse is strengthened and send to septum

40
Q

How is the rate of heart beat increased

A

Increased by exercise/drugs/excitement

41
Q

How is heart rate decreased

A

Rest/sleep/drugs such as alcohol

42
Q

Portal system

A

Is one in which the blood starts and ends in capillaries

43
Q

Pulse is caused by

A

A surge of blood in arteries triggered by ventricular systole

44
Q

The pulse indicates

A

The rate of heartbeat

45
Q

How is blood pressure recorded?

A

By measuring the pressure needed to stop the flow of blood in the arteries of the upper arm

46
Q

Why is smoking bad for the heart

A

Nicotine increases heart rate
Carbon monoxide reduces the ability oof blood to carry oxygen
Chemicals increase risk of blood clots

47
Q

Diet affects the heart as

A

Rat rich diets increase blockage in arteries
Too much salt and overweight raises blood pressure /heart attacks

48
Q

Does exercise help the heart

A

Yes is strengthens the heart

Biology (5 decks)

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