ECOLOGY Flashcards
Population
All the members of the same species in an area
Competition
When organisms actively struggle for a resource that is in short supply
Intra specific competition
Between members of the same species
Inter specific competition
Between members of different species
Contest competiton
An active physical contest between 2 individual organisms
Scramble competition
All competing individuals get some of the resource
Predation
The catching , killing and eating of another organism
Predator
An organism that catches kills and eats another organism
Prey
The organism that is eaten by the predator
Parasitism
When 2 organisms of different species live in close association and 1 obtains its food and to the disadvantage of the host
Parasite
Lives on or in the body of a host
Exoparasites
Live on the outside of the hosts body
Endoparasites
Live inside the host
Weaken the,
But do not kill the host
Host
Organisms that the parasite lives on or in
Symbiosis
When 2 organisms of different species have to live in close association and 1 or both benefit
Mutualism
Both benefit from association
Predator prey relationship
Preys increase and so does the predator more preys killed and cycle repeats
Factors of a predator prey relationship
Availability of food
Movement of predators
Bacteria in mammals
Cellulose digesting bacteria in the intestines of mammalian
Provides shelter and warmth
Bacteria in plant nodules
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Gains food
The bacteria ion human liver
Produces vitamin B and K
ALSO FOOD
What is population explosion
It is the rapid increase in humans numbers in recent years
Factors include war the famines contraception and disease
Ecology
The study of the relationship between organisms and their environment
Ecosystem
A group of clearly distinguished organisms that interact with their environment
Biosphere
The part of the planet where life exists
Community
All the different populations in an area
Population
All the ,members of the same species in an area
Habitat
The place where an organism lives
Herbivore
An organism that feeds on plants only
Carnivore
An organism that feeds on animals only
Omnivore
Eats both plants and animals
Niche
The role an organism plays in an ecosystem
Food niche
Organism etas certain food that others do not
No competiton
Food chain
Shows the transfer of energy from one organism to the next
Tropic level
The feeding position in a food chain
Primary consumer
Feeds on producer
Secondary consumer
Feeds on the primary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Feeds on the secondary consumer
Nutrient recycling
the way in which the elements [c and n] are exchanged between living and non living components of an organism
The carbon cycle
Is the process where carbon form the envrionment is converted to carbon in living things
Name the edaphic factors
The pH
Temp
Moisture
The nitrogen cycle
To take nitrogen form the air and make is available for us by living things
Function of nitrifying bacteria
Converts nitrogen in the atmosphere to nitrates
What do bacteria of decay do ?
Convert nitrogen waste to ammonia
Nitrifying bacteria
Convert ammonia to nitrates
What do denitrifying bacteria do?
Convert nitrates to nitrogen gas
What measures wind speed?
Anometer
What equipment is used for soil pH
Soil thermometer
What meausre rainfall
Rain gauge
What measures humidity?
Hydrometer
What measures lights intensity ?
Lux meter of light meter
Diurnal
Comes out during the day
What does the pitfall trap collect
Springtail and spider
What does the pooter collect ?
Ant and springtail
What does beating tray collect
Springtail and spidere
What does sweep net collect
Springtail and fly
What does the tullgern funnel do
Collects animals but kills them in the process
