Nervous system Flashcards
structure of axons
dendrites, axo, axon hillock, synaptic terminals
dendrites
communication to other cells
axo
long dendrite, send signal toward the cell body or to a tissue or another cells
axon hillock
regulator for stimulation
synaptic terminals
axon end point of communication
what is Myelin
fatty protein cell wrapped around axon created by the sohwann cell, provides insulation which creater faster movement of ions
nodes of ranvier
space where action potential happens
Saltatory propagation
jumping of action potential to one node to another (faster AP)
Continuous propagation
action potential happening everywhere (slower AP)
Synapse
neurotransmitters in the synaptic vessel, stimulate the neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, they bind to receptors and cause a change= requires energy provided by mitochondria
Action potential
electrochemical signal from one end of axon to the other; depolarized AP at equilibrium, polarized= AP unequal
White vs Gray Matter
axons with mylein and axons without mylein
what is multiple sclerosis
autoimmune diease that attacks myelin in central nervous system, lose communication in brain is fatal
Sensory Neuron
carry communication out from central system to the nervous system
Intermeroun
central nervous sytem communication from one neuron to another
Motor neuron
leaving the central nervous system and changing something out in body
Meninges
connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord
Dura
Periostal/meingeal dura mater
Archnoid matter
middle one of the three membranes or meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord, situated between the dura mater and the pia mater.
subarachnoid space
cerebral and spinal fluid
Pia mater
thin slits directly on brain
cerbral fluid flow
lateral ventrical–>intraventrical foramen–>4th ventrical
central canal to spinal cord OR submachiod space and leak out
Arachnoid granulation
take cerebral fluid and put back in blood through sagittal sinus artery
Hydrocephalus
cerebral spinal fluid cannot get out of ventricle, pushes onto the brains causing the expansion of the skill to put less pressure on brain
Basal Ganglia
motor control, allow or block the motor signals
corpus callosum
connection of left and right hemisphere point of communication
cerebellum
attaches ti brainstem, responsible for coordination where information is synthesized, helps with balance without thunking about it
Ataxia
injury of cerebellum, decrease coordination of movement
Parkisons Disease
Basal ganglion loses regulation, either doesn’t allow any movement through or all movements through; treatment dopamine
Dorsal root
afferent going to central nerves
Ventral root
cell bodies inside/in between neuron
Dermatomes
each part of the skin has sensory information at a specific root
Myotomes
specfic muscles controlled by nerve root
Epidural
anesthesia applied by entering the epidural space
Gliobasltoma
tumor from gilia cells
