Kidney/ urinary system

Question 1

what are the structures of the kidney

Answer 1

Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, renal column, renal pyramid, major & minor calyx

Question 2

what is the renal hilum

Answer 2

where all the blood vessels & veins are located

Question 3

What happens to kidneys during diabetes?

Answer 3

damage kidneys because an increase of vasoconstriction, capillary pressure, which increase kidney filteration; causing big proteins to filter out through tiny holes can damage walls of kidneys

Question 4

kidney stones and treatment

Answer 4

large proteins/calcium cannot be filtered out of kidney
Treatment; let pass naturally or through lithotripsy- radio waves shot inside body focused on kidney stones causing it to burst into smaller pieces to be filtered out of kidney

Question 5

Cortical Nephron process

Answer 5

1) afferent arteriole carries blood from renal arteries into glomerulus
2) glomerulus capillaries filter the blood and carry the blood into the efferent arteriole
3) urine leaves the glomerulus through the proximal convoluted tubule
4) process of absorption and secretion happen with the proximal convoluted tube and capillaries connected to the efferent arteriole
5) Distal convoluted tube carries the urine out of kidneys

Question 6

Why is the juxtamedullary nephron process

Answer 6

the same as cortical nephron but has vasa recta that surrounds the efferent arteriole

Question 7

Purpose of Juxtaglomerular Appratus

Answer 7

to maintain blood pressure and act as quality control mechanism to ensure glomerular flow

Question 8

Macula densa cells
a) location?
b) purpose
c) where do they send signals to

Answer 8

a) sit between the efferent and afferent arteriole
b) determine concentration of urine
c) send signals to other cells such as the granular and extragolmerular mesangial cells

Question 9

Granular cells
a) location?
b) purpose

Answer 9

a) sit in the walls of the bowman’s space
b) secrete renine to increase blood pressure to increase filteration when urine concentration is low

Question 10

Extraglomerular mesangial cells
a) location?
b) purpose

Answer 10

a) sit on the afferent arteriole
b) when there is a high concentration urine they constrict the afferent arteriole to decraese blood pressure to decrease filteration decreasing urine concentration

Question 11

Urinary bladder

Answer 11

used to store urin

Question 12

Primary muscle of bladder

Answer 12

detrusor muscle

Question 13

internal urethral sphincter

Answer 13

have no control over

Question 14

external urethral sphincter

Answer 14

have control over

Question 15

urethra

Answer 15

carries urine from bladder to outside world

Question 16

urters

Answer 16

carry urine from the kidney into the bladder

Question 17

UTI more common in women than men?

Answer 17

female have a sharing space with vestibule and vaginal opening; more prone to bacterial infection
men urethra is isolated decrease the chance of infection

Question 18

Podocyte

Answer 18

wrapped in glomerulus capillaries which have slits that allow it to be leaky; open slits= ^urine, closed slits=decreased urine

Question 19

True of False; Diabetes is the only thing that causes kidney damage

Answer 19

false