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ANAPHY > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

serve as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, and glands or muscles

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

command center, Interprets incoming sensory information

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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3
Q

carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

A

SPINAL NERVES

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4
Q

carry impulses to and from the brain

A

CRANIAL NERVES

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5
Q

transmits electrical signals called, action potential, from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS.

A

SENSORY DIVISION / AFFERENT DIVISION

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6
Q

carry information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

A

SOMATIC SENSORY (AFFERENT) FIBERS

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7
Q

carry information from visceral organs

A

VISCERAL SENSORY (AFFERENT) FIBERS

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8
Q

nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system organs to effector organs

A

MOTOR DIVISION / EFFERENT DIVISION

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9
Q

consciously (voluntarily) controls skeletal muscles

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM = VOLUNTARY

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10
Q

automatically controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM = INVOLUNTARY

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11
Q

▪ the “fight-or-flight” division

▪ most active during physical activity

A

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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12
Q

▪ The “rest-and-digest” division

▪ Regulates resting functions, such as digesting food or emptying the urinary bladder

A

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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13
Q

receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs

A

NEURONS

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14
Q

nucleus and metabolic center of the cell

A

CELL BODY

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15
Q

fibers that extend from the cell body

A

PROCESSES

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16
Q

support and protect neurons and perform other functions / Helps form a protective permeability barrier between the blood and the brain and spinal cord

A

GLIAL CELLS

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17
Q

the source of information for protein synthesis

A

NEURON CELL BODY

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18
Q

Branching organizations / conduct impulses toward the cell body

A

DENDRITE

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19
Q

conduct impulses away from the cell body

A

AXONS

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20
Q

functional junction between nerves where a nerve impulse is transmitted

A

SYNAPSE

21
Q

Have many dendrites and a single axon / most of the neurons within the CNS and motor

A

MULTIPOLAR NEURONS

22
Q

Sensory neurons found in PNS ganglia / Conduct impulses both toward and away from the cell body

A

UNIPOLAR NEURONS

23
Q

Have two processes: one dendrite and one axon / The dendrite is often specialized to receive the stimulus, and the axon conducts action potentials to the CNS.

A

BIPOLAR NEURONS

24
Q

Have a single process extending from the cell body, which divides into two branches

A

PSEUDO-UNIPOLAR NEURONS

25
Q

Protect neurons from harmful substances in blood / Control the chemical environment of the brain

A

ASTROCYTES

26
Q

Spiderlike phagocytes / CNS-specific immune cells / Become mobile and phagocytic in response to inflammation

A

MICROGLIA

27
Q

▪ Line the ventricles (cavities) of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

A

EPENDYMAL CELLS

28
Q

Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system

A

OLIGODENDROCYTES

29
Q

major positive ion inside the cell

A

K+

30
Q

major positive ion outside the cell

A

NA+

31
Q

The inward rush of sodium ions changes the polarity at that site

A

DEPOLARIZATION

32
Q

Membrane permeability changes again—becoming impermeable to sodium ions and permeable to potassium ions

A

REPOLARIZATION

33
Q

Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli

A

REFLEX

34
Q

Reflexes occur over neural pathways

A

REFLEX ARCS

35
Q

Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

A

SOMATIC REFLEXES

36
Q

Regulate the activity of smooth muscles, the heart, and glands

A

AUTONOMIC REFLEX

37
Q

reacts to a stimulus

A

SENSORY RECEPTOR

38
Q

carries message to the integration center

A

SENSORY NEURON

39
Q

processes information and directs motor output

A

INTEGRATED CENTER (CNS)

40
Q

carries message to an effector

A

MOTOR NEURON

41
Q

is the muscle or gland to be stimulated

A

EFFECTOR ORGAN

42
Q

a sensation characterized by a group of unpleasant and complex perceptual and emotional experiences that trigger autonomic, psychological, and somatic motor responses.

A

PAIN

43
Q

pain-relieving medications

A

ANALGESICS

44
Q

a painful sensation in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus.

A

REFERRED PAIN

45
Q

occurs in people who have had appendages amputated or a structure, such as a tooth, removed.

A

PHANTOM PAIN

46
Q

Characterized by muscular rigidity; loss of facial expression; tremor; a slow, shuffling gait; and general lack of movement.

A

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

47
Q

caused by muscle tension. They consist of a dull, steady pain in the forehead, temples, and neck or throughout the head.

A

TENSION HEADACHE

48
Q

usually occur on only one side of the head and appear to involve a combination of neurological dysfunction and abnormal dilation and constriction of blood vessels.

A

MIGRAINE HEADACHE

ANAPHY (7 decks)

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