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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

tube extending from the mouth to the anus

A

DIGESTIVE TRACT

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2
Q

refers only to the
stomach and intestines

A

GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) TRACT

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3
Q

mouth, including the tongue and teeth, with the salivary glands as accessory organs

A

ORAL CAVITY

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4
Q

intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach

A

INGESTION

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5
Q

divides the tongue into two parts.

A

TERMINAL SULCUS

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6
Q

two dental
arches

A
  • MAXILLARY ARCH
  • MANDIBULAR ARCH
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7
Q

the inflammation and degradation of the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone

A

PERIODONTAL DISEASE

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8
Q

an inflammation of the gingiva

A

GINGIVITIS

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9
Q

large salivary glands in the oral cavity

A
  • PAROTID GLANDS
  • SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
  • SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
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10
Q

combination of serous and mucous secretions

A

SALIVA

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11
Q

a proteoglycan that gives a lubricating quality to the secretions of
salivary gland

A

MUCIN

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12
Q

serous part of saliva contains a digestive enzyme

A

SALIVARY AMYLASE

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13
Q

a straight, muscular tube that begins at the distal end of
the sigmoid colon and ends at the
anal canal

A

RECTUM

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14
Q

mucosal lining of the rectum

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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15
Q

extends superiorly from the cecum and ends at the right colic flexure

A

ASCENDING COLON

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16
Q

extends from the right colic flexure to the left colic flexure

A

TRANSVERSE COLON

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17
Q

extends from the left colic flexure to the superior opening
of the true pelvis, where it becomes the sigmoid colon

A

DESCENDING COLON

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18
Q

forms an S-shaped tube that extends into the pelvis and ends
at the rectum

A

SIGMOID COLON

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19
Q

the proximal end of the
large intestine

A

CECUM

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20
Q

a smaller,
blind tube about 9 cm long

A

VERMIFORM APPENDIX

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21
Q

the portion of the digestive tract extending from
the ileocecal junction to the anus

A

LARGE INTESTINE

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22
Q

endocrine and exocrine organ in the control of carbohydrate
metabolis

A

PANCREAS

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23
Q

a saclike structure for bile storage

A

GALLBLADDER

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24
Q

bile is released from the gallbladder by contractions stimulated by

A

CHOLECYSTOKININ

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25
Q

are insoluble aggregates formed in the gallbladder

A

GALLSTONES

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26
Q

an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by alcohol consumption or a viral
infection

A

HEPATITIS

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27
Q

infectious hepatitis

A

HEPATITIS A

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28
Q

also called serum hepatitis, is a more chronic infection

A

HEPATITIS B

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29
Q

it is spread by blood transfusions or
sexual intercourse

A

HEPATITIS C

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30
Q

involves the death of hepatocytes and their replacement by fibrous connective tissue

A

CIRRHOSIS

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31
Q

(toxic by-product) is converted to urea in the liver

32
Q

a common bile pigment resulting from the breakdown of
hemoglobin

33
Q

has a phagocytic role; it is the hepatic macrophage, engulfing
organisms and toxins

A

KUPFER CELL

34
Q

are the major sites of nutrient absorption

A
  • DUODENUM
  • JEJUNUM
35
Q

lymphatic nodules; initiate immune responses against microorganisms
that enter the mucosa from ingested food

A

PEYER PATCHES

36
Q

cells with microvilli that produce digestive enzymes
and absorb digested food

A

ABSORPTIVE CELLS

37
Q

also called Paneth cells; help protect the intestinal
epithelium from bacteria

A

GRANULAR CELLS

38
Q

produce regulatory hormones

A

ENDOCRINE CELLS

39
Q

the mucosa and submucosa form a series of folds

A

CIRCULAR FOLDS

40
Q

tiny, fingerlike projections of the mucosa form numerous _____

41
Q

most of the cells that make up the surface of the villi have numerous cytoplasmic extensions

A

MICROVILLI

42
Q

combined microvilli on the entire epithelial surface form the _______

A

BRUSH BORDER

43
Q

the reflux of acidic chyme from the stomach into the esophagus.

A

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX

44
Q

caused when the gastric juices (acid and pepsin) digest the mucosal
lining of the digestive tract

A

PEPTIC ULCER

45
Q

nearly all peptic ulcers are due to infection by a specific bacterium

A

HELICOBACTER
PYLORI

46
Q

when stomach
secretions are increased in anticipation of incoming food

A

CEPHALIC PHASE

47
Q

when most of the stimulation of secretion occurs

A

GASTRIC PHASE

48
Q

during which stomach
secretion decreases

A

INTESTINAL PHASE

49
Q

five types of epithelial cells of the stomach

A

• SURFACE MUCOUS CELLS
• MUCOUS NECK CELLS
• PARIETAL CELLS
• CHIEF CELLS
• ENDOCRINE CELLS

50
Q

found
on the surface around the gastric
pit; it protects the stomach wall from
being damaged by acid and digestive enzymes

A

SURFACE MUCOUS CELLS

51
Q

located near the openings of the glands and
produce mucus

A

MUCOUS NECK CELLS

52
Q

produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

A

PARIETAL CELLS

53
Q

produce the enzyme pepsinogen

A

CHIEF CELLS

54
Q

the intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach

55
Q

the process by which the teeth chew food in the mouth

A

MASTICATION

56
Q

the movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other

A

PROPULSION

57
Q

some contractions propel food by moving it back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with digestive secretions

58
Q

mixing contractions that occur in the small intestine

A

SEGMENTAL MIXING

59
Q

aids the food to move through the digestive tract

60
Q

the breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts

61
Q

involves the mastication and mixing of food

A

MECHANICAL DIGESTION

62
Q

accomplished by digestive enzymes secreted along the
digestive tract

A

CHEMICAL INGESTION

63
Q

the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymphatic system

A

ABSORPTION

64
Q

the process by which the waste products of digestion are removed from the body

A

ELIMINATION

65
Q

help local reflexes within the ENS control local digestive tract
environments

66
Q

regulates most of the nerves of the digestive tract

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ENS)

67
Q

detect changes in the chemical composition of digestive tract contents

A

ENTERIC SENSORY NEURONS

68
Q

stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretion

A

ENTERIC MOTOR NEURONS

69
Q

connect enteric sensory and motor neurons

A

ENTERIC INTERNEURONS

70
Q

an accumulation of excess serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

71
Q

a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneal membrane

A

PERITONITIS

72
Q

epithelial cells are produced within tubular invaginations of the mucosa,
called

A

INTESTINAL GLANDS

73
Q

Each villus is covered by simple columnar epithelium and contains a blood
capillary network, and a lymphatic capillary called

74
Q

a posterior
projection from the soft palate

75
Q

the posterior boundary of the
oral cavity

76
Q

attachment
to the floor of the mouth by a thin
fold of tissue called

A

LINGUAL FRENULUM

77
Q

the oral cavity is divided into
two:

A
  • Vestibule – the space
    between the lips or cheeks
    and the teeth
  • Oral cavity proper – lies
    medial to the teeth

ANAPHY (7 decks)

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