Nervous System

Question 1

Central nervous system definition

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord, receives sensory information from whole body (PNS), processes information, send motor information to body (PNS)

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system definition

Answer 2

everything out of the CNS, composed of muscles, organs and glands, sends sensory information to CNS, receives motor information from CNS(brain)

Question 3

Spinal Cords job

Answer 3

cable like column of nerve fibres, base of brain to lower back, two-direction highway, sends sensory information to brain, sends motor information away from brain, fast

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

transmits information from receptor sites to CNS and then carries information to the muscles to initiate voluntary movement

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

neurons that carry information between CNS and the organs and glands to ensure they are regulated without conscious thought, unconscious (breathing, heart rate)

Question 6

Brains Job

Answer 6

regulates and guides all parts of nervous system, responsible for vital body functions(breathing), higher order functions(planning/learning), personalities, emotions
RECEIVE, PROCESS, RESPOND

Question 7

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

prepares the body for action, to deal with potential threat, activates flight, fight, freeze response, activates muscles, glands, organs for vigorous activity, adrenaline, increased heart rate and respiration, dilated pupils, contracts bladder, other functions suppressed

Question 8

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

maintains homeostasis (regulated body functions, relaxed state), returns body to a state of calm after stress/threat, keeps body functioning effectively, returns functions to regular state

Question 9

Enteric Nervous system

Answer 9

third system of autonomic nervous system, sensory and motor neurons lining the wall of digestive organs, controls the functions if the digestive system, receives and send messages to parasympathetic and sympathetic NS, can communicate directly with brain, can act independent to brain

Question 10

Sensory neurons

Answer 10

transmits sensory information form body to brain via afferent(towards) pathways

Question 11

Motor neurons

Answer 11

transmits motor information from brain to body via efferent(away) pathways

Question 12

Interneurons

Answer 12

transmit information between sensory and motor neurons (communicator), most abundant neuron, not present in PNS

Question 13

Conscious awareness

Answer 13

walking, talking, waving hand, etc

Question 14

Unconscious awareness

Answer 14

breathing, stomach contractions, etc

Question 15

Spinal reflex

Answer 15

automatic, unconscious response that is activate by neurons in spinal cord, mostly in response to pain, improves chance of survival in human race, intercepted by neurons in spinal cord before it makes it to brain, faster reaction time

Question 16

neurotransmission definition

Answer 16

Neurons communicate via process called neurotransmission, which uses electrochemical energy- Neural impulse runs from dendrite, down axon, to axon terminals, axon buttons release chemical substance (neurotransmitter), crosses synaptic gap, picked up by receiving neuron via dendrites

Question 17

label all the parts of a neuron

Answer 17

Soma, dendrites, axon, Axon terminals, Terminal Buttons

Question 18

Neurotransmitter

Answer 18

Neurotransmitters are the chemicals released by the terminal button of a neuron, needed for communication, typically made up of small molecules

Question 19

Neuromodulator

Answer 19

Neuromodulators have a broader, longer lasting effect on multiple neurons at once, works together with neurotransmitters to enhance the excitatory and inhibitory effects and create more widespread effects, enhance signal transmission, chemicals, released the same way as neurotransmitters

Question 20

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 20

makes something happen, increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential (Glutamate)

Question 21

Inhibitory transmitters

Answer 21

inhibits/blocks, decreases the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential (GABA)

Question 22

Dopamine

Answer 22

neuromodulator involved in drive, motivation, and motor movement, associated with addictive behaviour

Question 23

Serotonin

Answer 23

neuromodulator known for stabilising your mood, plays an important role in digestion and metabolism as well as stress, irregular serotonin levels are linked to mental health problems like depression

Question 24

Neuroplasticity

Answer 24

brain’s ability to change in result of experience, two types: developmental (happens over time), and adaptive (brain damage)

Question 25

Adaptive

Answer 25

Use critical or sensitive periods for developmental plasticity enables greater plasticity, easier rehabilitation

Question 26

Developmental

Answer 26

There are critical periods for greater development of plasticity (over time)

Question 27

Synaptic plasticity

Answer 27

the process of neuroplasticity at a single cell level, synaptic connection change over time in response to activity or response, when neurons fire together so much they start to wire together creating pathways

Question 28

Long-term potential

Answer 28

the increase in synaptic strength through high frequency stimulation of the neural pathway, do it a lot it becomes stronger, can sprout more dendrites and terminal buttons to allow connection to be made easier

Question 29

Long-term depression

Answer 29

the reduce in the efficiency of synaptic connections, when not regularly activated you’ll weaken them to make room for other opportunities/connectives, adapting to experience

Question 30

Migration

Answer 30

neurons migrate to where they’re needed the most

Question 31

Circuit formation

Answer 31

structure of synaptic connection

Question 32

Myelination

Answer 32

strengthen it, protect it

Question 33

Pruning

Answer 33

removing old neural connections that are not activated enough

Question 34

Rerouting

Answer 34

re-establishing neural connections by finding alternative pathways

Question 35

Sprouting

Answer 35

creation of new connections between neurons (dendrites and axons change/develope)