Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Memory is an active information processing system that encodes, stores, and recovers information when required

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

Encoding: process of converting information from our short term memory into a form that our brains can store

Question 3

Storage

Answer 3

Storage is the process of retaining information in our long term memory for later use

Question 4

Retrieving

Answer 4

Retrieving is the process of accessing previously stored information from our long term memory

Question 5

Sensory memory

Answer 5

entry point for memory, an exact replica of the world- duration of 0.2-4 seconds

Question 6

Sensory memory is divided into iconic and echoic:

Answer 6

Iconic memory: visual memory, stores visual sensory information, duration- 0.2-0.4 seconds, unlimited capacity- always more visual data to take in
Echoic memory: stores auditory sensory information, duration of 3-4 seconds, unlimited capacity, longer duration because you need more attention to understand the works as a whole sentence

Question 7

Eidetic memory

Answer 7

photographic memory- a visual sensory memory with an extended duration- not necessarily a good kind of memory

Question 8

Short term memory

Answer 8

a memory store where information is consciously manipulated, duration of 18-30 seconds- can be increased by rehearsing information, capacity of 5-9 items (7+/- 2), capacity can be increased by using a memory technique called chunking (grouping information, linking concepts)

Question 9

Long term memory

Answer 9

a relatively permanent memory store where information can be stored and can later be retrieved for future use, relatively permanent duration, capacity is unlimited, it is divided into types, each storing a different kind of memory

Question 10

Implicit memories

Answer 10

unconscious- procedural memories are implicit (skills and actions)

Question 11

Explicit memories

Answer 11

require conscious effort- declarative memories are explicit (knowing)- consist of semantic (facts/general knowledge) and episodic (events- past and future)

Question 12

Hippocampus

Answer 12

encodes explicit (declarative) memories from STM to LTM, related to alzheimer’s

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

retrieves explicit memories (specifically emotional driven ones), adrenaline also aids in the formation and strength of emotional memories

Question 14

Neocortex

Answer 14

involved in higher order brain functions, responsible for attention, thought, perception- all which influence memory, specifically it stores episodic and semantic memories once they’re encoded and transferred from the hippocampus- linked to processing and recognition of auditory stimuli

Question 15

Basal Ganglia

Answer 15

responsible for encoding and storage of motor and implicit memory, associated with habit forming, linking and stimulus and response learning

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

responsible for encoding and storing implicit(procedural) memories, controls balance, coordination, movement and motor skills, has a role in working memory

Question 17

Synthesia

Answer 17

a condition where two senses are fused together eg. letters have colours, music notes produce colours, letters create taste

Question 18

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 18

a neurodegenerative disease, neurons are dying in the hippocampus, causes memory loss and personality change, loss of episodic(personal memories) memories in early stages, later impacting semantic(facts/knowledge) memory as well- Initially affects your short term memory more than long term memory

Question 19

Alzheimer’s symptoms

Answer 19

memory loss (especially declarative), personality change, confusion and disorientation, and repetition

Question 20

Aphantasia

Answer 20

rare condition where individual cannot see visual imagery: cannot produce a visual image in their mind, our ability to do thi is initiated by the visual cortex, not our eyes, typically people are born with it, can also be inquired after a brain injury, have a reduced ability to recall episodic memories, and have trouble imagining future events

Question 21

Mnemonics

Answer 21

memory devices, systems, techniques, strategies that help you remember more for longer, consciously improves memory, help encode, store, and retrieve information by turning it into something more

Question 22

Acrostics

Answer 22

the first letter of each word to be recalled becomes the first letter of a new word, these words are then put together to create phrase, rhyme or poem

Question 23

Method of loci

Answer 23

start with a series of well known locations, then attach each word or concept to be remembered to each location

Question 24

Songs and stories and dances

Answer 24

can be extended and built upon over time, be passed down, and used for different themes