Nervous System Flashcards
It is the major control system of homeostasis and provides monitoring, response, and regulation of all systems
Nervous System
Major functions of the Nervous System
Sensation, Integration, and Response
It is the process of receiving information from the environment to sensory organs
Sensation
It is the process of analyzing and interpreting sensory information in the brain and spinal cord
Integration
It is the process of producing a motor output in response to sensory input
Response
It is the basic unit of nervous system
Neurons
Other term for neurons
Nerve Cell
It is the process where neurons carry information which involves electrochemical gradient
Nerve Impulses
It is the main part that contains nucleus and contains various organelles that are necessary for the neuron to carry out its function
Cell Body or Soma
It is a branched extension that receives signals from other neurons or sensory organelles. It integrates information from different sources and passes it to the cell body.
Dendrites
It is a long, slender projection that extends from the cell body which transmits signals away from the neuron to other cells
Axon
It is the type of neuron that receives information from sensory receptors then transmits it to brain and spinal cord
Sensory Neuron
Other term for sensory neuron
Afferent Neurons
How do sensory neurons travel?
towards Central Nervous System or the brain and spinal cord
It acts as a bridge between sensory neurons and motor neurons
Interneurons
Other terms for interneurons
Connector Neurons or Association Neurons
Where can we find the interneurons?
Within the brain and spinal cord or in Central Nervous System
It is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands in the body
Motor Neurons
Other term for Motor Neurons
Efferent Neurons
How do motor neurons travel?
Away from brain and spinal cord or away from Central Nervous System
It is the command center of the entire body and processes information and sends instructions to other parts of the body
Central Nervous System
Parts of Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
It is a very important and delicate organ. It is well protected and encased in a bone called the skull.
Brain
Why does the brain appear to have a Brown color?
Because of neurons
Brain is abundant with _____
Axon
It is the tiny gap between each neurons which transmits nerve impulse
Synapse
These are chemical messengers
Neurotransmitters
It is the process of transferring information between each neurons
Neurotransmission
It is the largest part of the brain which is responsible for higher brain functions such as personality, behavior, and emotions
Cerebrum
The left part of the cerebrum is associated with
Thinking/Logical
The right part of cerebrum is associated with
Artistic side
It is located beneath the cerebrum and is responsible for coordinating movement and balance
Cerebellum
It connects the brain to spinal cord and is responsible for regulating essential functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
Brain Stem
Region of brain stem that is responsible for involuntary actions
Medulla Oblongata
Region of brain stem that is responsible for visual and auditory reflexes
Midbrain
Region of brain stem that is responsible for respiratory functions
Pons
Region of brain stem that is responsible for directing incoming messeges from the spinal cord to the brain
Thalamus
Region of brain stem that is responsible for monitoring internal conditions
Hypothalamus
Region of brain stem that is responsible for relaying information between the brain and the rest of the body
Spinal Cord
It is the reflex that doesn’t involve the brain
Spinal Reflex
It is the pathway of reflexes
Reflex Arc
It is made up of a network of bundled rope-like structures called nerves which connects the central NS to the rest of the body
Peripheral Nervous System
How many pairs of nerves does the peripheral NS have?
43 pairs (12 cranial, 31 spinal)
It is the subdivision of PNS that is responsible for voluntary movement which responds to external environment
Somatic
It is the subdivision of PNS that is responsible for involuntary movement which responds to internal environment
Autonomic
It is the subdivision of Autonomic subdivision that is responsible for “Rest or Digest” response. It slows dows bodily functions and promotes relaxation and healing. It also lowers heart rate and blood pressure, and increases digestion and nutrient absorption
Parasympathetic
It is the subdivision of Autonomic subdivision that is responsible for “Fight or Flight” response. It is usually activated in response to stress or danger which increases heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, and diverts blood flow to the muscles, preparing the body for action
Sympathetic
It refers to the process by which the body maintains a stable environment, despite changes in external conditions
Homeostasis
TRUE OR FALSE
The nervous sytem plays a critical role in coordinating and regulating feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the body
TRUE
It is the receiver of message/impulse.
Receptor
The body responds in such a way as to reverse the direction of change. Because this tends to keep things constant, it allows us to
maintain homeostasis.
Negative Feedback
This means that if a change occurs in some variable, the response is to change that variable even more in the same direction. This has a de-stabilizing effect, so it does not result in homeostasis
Positive Feedback
It is the process through which the level of one substance influences the level of another substance.
Feedback Mechanism
