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DNA and RNA Flashcards

1
Q

It contains all the instructions that an organism requires to develop, live, and reproduce

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

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2
Q

Biomolecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & phosphorus.

A

Nucleic Acids

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3
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acids.

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

Nucleotide is consists of three groups namely

A
  • Phosphate Group
  • Pentose Sugar Group
  • Nitrogenous Bases
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5
Q

Where is a DNA usually located?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

What is the shape of a DNA

A

Double-helix

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7
Q

It transfers information from the DNA to the ribosomes by carrying the protein recipe. It is single-stranded and is found mainly in cytoplasm.

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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8
Q

What are the nucleotides/chemical bases present in a DNA?

A
  • Adenine (A)
  • Thymine (T)
  • Guamine (G)
  • Cytosine (C)
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9
Q

What are the nucleotides/chemical bases present in a RNA?

A
  • Adenine
  • Uracil
  • Guamine
  • Cytosine
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10
Q

Nucleotides are held by the covalent bonds called ________ between the sugar of one nucleotide & the phosphate of another.

A

Phosphodiester Bonds

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11
Q

Two types of nucleic acid

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  • Ribonucleic Acid
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12
Q

How many strands is DNA made up of?

A

2

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13
Q

How is the RNA powered?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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14
Q

What is the sugar present in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)

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15
Q

What is the sugar present in RNA?

A

Ribose (C5H1005)

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16
Q

What is the division of cells?

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

This is the process of making proteins.

A

Protein Synthesis

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18
Q

This is the type of RNA that carries genetic codes from DNA to ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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19
Q

This is the type of RNA that is consists of 80% of total RNA in the body and is found in ribosome

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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20
Q

It transfers amino acids during protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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21
Q

It is the element that glues the nitrogenous bases together. It also breaks because of high temperature.

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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22
Q

It is the process where DNA molecules are produced. It is semi-conservative because one of the strands of DNA in each of the two copies of DNA is ancient and conserved while the other is newly produced at the moment of replication.

A

DNA Replication

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23
Q

True or False. DNA replication happens before mitosis.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

These are the molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reaction. It is a requirement so that you can do something to a DNA.

A

Enzymes

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25
Q

It is the unzipping enzyme. It unzips/separate the double-helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases

26
Q

It is the place where the DNA strands separate from each other

A

Replication Fork

27
Q

It is the initializer or the starting point of DNA Replication. It is an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequence called primers.

28
Q

It is the builder enzyme. It also replicates the DNA to build a new strand.

A

DNA Polymerase

29
Q

It produces new DNA strands in 5’ to 3’

A

DNA Polymerase III

30
Q

True or False. 2 DNA strands are anti-parallel.

A

True (5’ to 3’, 3’ to 5’)

31
Q

It fills the gap between Okazaki Fragments

A

DNA Polymerase I

32
Q

It is the DNA that was made at lacking strand

A

Okazaki Fragment

33
Q

It is the strand that is made continuously

A

Leading Strand

34
Q

It is the strand that contains the Okazaki Fragment

A

Lacking Strand

35
Q

It is the gluer. It connects two strands of DNA together.

36
Q

Steps in DNA Replication

A

Helicase: Unzips
Primase: Creates a primer
DNA Polymerase III: Creates a new strand from 5’ to 3’
Exonuclease: Removes the primer
DNA Polymerase I: Fills the gap between lacking strand
Ligase: Seals the DNA

37
Q

It is an enzyme that removes the primer produced by primase

A

Exonuclease

38
Q

It is the process where the mismatched nucleotides in the complementary paired DNA strand is corrected

A

Mismatch Repair

39
Q

It is the process where a region of DNA is converted into mRNA

A

DNA Transcription

40
Q

What does the RNA polymerase do in DNA transcription?

A

Initiation/Unzip the DNA: With the help of transcription factors, binds to the promoter & pries the 2 strands apart
Elongation: RNA synthesis along the gene
Termination: As it zips up the DNA, the enzyme detaches from the gene & the DNA returns to its original state.

41
Q

What nitrogenous base will no longer exist in the process of RNA Transcription?

42
Q

What will replace the nitrogenous base that will no longer exist in the process of RNA Transcription?

43
Q

What is the orientation of the product (mRNA) in RNA Transcription?

A

5’ to 3’

44
Q

What is the orientation of the template in RNA Transcription?

A

3’ to 5’

45
Q

It is the strand that is the one that RNA polymerase uses as the basis to build the RNA

A

Template Strand

46
Q

It is the strand that has the identical sequence of the RNA (except for the substituion of U for T)

A

Nontemplate Strand

47
Q

It is a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

A

Polypeptide

48
Q

It is the process that produces protein

A

RNA Translation

49
Q

The collective process by which the genetic code is read by enzymes in order to produce the proteins in an organism.

A

RNA Transcription and RNA Translation

50
Q

What is the main working factor in RNA Transcription

A

RNA Polymerase

51
Q

Parts of a chromosome that code for many things.

52
Q

Where does the RNA Translation usually occur?

53
Q

It is a sequence of three-consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid

54
Q

It is a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA which is complementary to a corresponding codon in mRNA sequence

55
Q

What will be produced when a gene is expressed?

56
Q

It is a process where a gene is expressed

A

Gene Expression

57
Q

True or False. RNA polymerase doesn’t need primers to start with elongation.

58
Q

It is a region of DNA where transcription of a gene is initiated

59
Q

Gene expression will result to

60
Q

What type of RNA produces amino acids which will then result to protein?

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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