Nervous System Flashcards
A deteriorating and progressive disease of the brain, characterized by loss of language skills, thinking, and memory.
Alzheirmer’s disease - Enfermedad de Alzheimer
ALS is a deteriorating and progressive disorder of motor neurons in the central nervous system causing paralysis and muscle loss.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
The inability to control body movements.
Ataxia - Ataxia
It is a behavioral disorder occurring mostly in children, marked by poor focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad
A mental disorder present from early childhood and marked by symptoms of difficulties with communication, social interaction, and understanding abstract language concepts.
Autism - Autismo
Severe weakness or paralysis of the facial nerve that controls muscle movements; it usually happens on just one side of the face and is characterized by a facial droop.
Bell palsy - Parálisis de Bell
A psychiatric condition marked by fluctuating periods of elation and depression.
Bipolar disorder - Trastorno bipolar
The central part of the brain that connects with the spinal cord. It is responsible for controlling basic body functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, swallowing, and breathing.
Brainstem - Tronco cerebral
These are two major blood vessels located on both sides of the neck. They supply oxygenated blood form the heart to the brain and head.
Carotid arteries - Arterias carótidas
A procedure that removes the buildup that causes the carotid arteries to stop or decrease blood flow to the brain.
Carotid endarterectomy - Endarterectomía carotídea
The result of a clot or plaque blocking blood flow to the brain and causing an ischemic stroke.
Cerebral embolism - Embolia cerebral
It up the brain and spinal cord and is one of the two nervous systems in the body.
CNS (Central Nervous System) - Sistema nervioso central
Relating to cognition, which involves conscious intellectual processes like reasoning, thinking, and remembering.
Cognitive - Cognitivo
It is a noninvasive study using a combination of computer and x-ray images of the internal body structures to look for abnormalities.
Computed Tomography (CT) - Tomografía computarizada
A minor brain injury caused by a blow to the head resulting in a brief loss of consciousness.
Concussion - Conmoción cerebral
A sudden, involuntary muscle contraction of the body or limb, which generally happens as a result of toxins, seizures, or fever.
Convulsion - Convlsión
A myelogram is a radiographic study that uses contrast dye to form images of the spinal column, including roots, nerves, and tissues.
CT myelography - Mierlografía por tomografía computarizada
A brain disease or injury that causes progressive deterioration of mental processes leading to personality changes, mood disorders, and impaired reasoning.
Dementia - Demencia
It is a diagnostic study using electrodes attached to the head to record electrical brain activity.
EEG (Electroencephalogram) - Electroencefalograma
Brain inflammation, which is usually caused by an allergic reaction or an infection.
Encephalitis - Encefalitis
Sudden recurrent episodes of violent convulsions and loss of consciousness, caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Epilepsy - Epilepsia
An individual’s manner of walking.
Gait - Forma de caminar
A massive tumor in the brain or spinal cord that starts in the supportive cells called glial cells.
Glioblastoma - Glioblastoma
Another word for hemiparesis, this is paralysis on one side of the body.
Hemiplegia - Hemiplejia
The buildup of fluid in the brain, which leads to enlargement of the head and may cause brain damage.
Hydrocephalus - Hidrocefalia
A surgical procedure to remove spinal fluid using a hollow needle. Also known as lumbar tap.
Lumbar puncture - Punción lumbar
Inflammation of the meninges, which is a collection of membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain.
Meningitis - Meningitis
A long-term, progressive disease characterized by damage to the sheaths that surround the nerves in the spinal column and brain.
Multiple sclerosis - Esclerosis múltiple
The insulating sheath that surrounds nerve fibers. It regulates the speed of electrical impulses between neurons.
Myelin - Mielina
A type of nerve cell that gets and sends electrical impulses from all over the body.
Neuron - Neurona
Complete or partial paralysis of the lower half of the body.
Paraplegia - Paraplejia
A long-term progressive disease caused by decreased dopamine production and leading to symptoms of tremor, rigidity, impaired balance, shuffling gait, and slow movements.
Parkinson’s disease - Enfermedad de Parkinson
The network of nerves that branch out of central nervous system to the rest the body.
Peripheral nervous system - Sistema nervioso periférico
An irrational fear of something.
Phobia - Fobia
PTSD is a mental condition that develops after a person experiences or witnesses a terrifying or dangerous event.
Posttraumatic stress disorder - Trastrono de estrés postraumático
Something that originates within the mind, rather than a physical cause.
Psychogenic - Psicogénico
A general term to describe a mental disorder or illness.
Psychopathy - Psicopatía
A mental disease characterized by detachment from reality, with complete impairment of thoughts and emotions.
Psychosis - Psicosis
A physical condition or other type of illness that is caused or aggravated by a mental component like stress or internal conflict.
Psychosomatic - Psicosomático
Complete paralysis of all four extremities.
Quadriplegia - Cuadriplejía
A severe chronic mental illness that affects the ability to break down thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, which leads to distorted perceptions, inappropriate behaviors, and feelings of having a fragmented mind.
Schizophrenia - Esquizofrenia
Severe pain that radiates from the lower back all the way down the leg, caused by compression of the spinal nerve root in the lower back.
Sciatica - Ciática
A sudden burst of electrical activity in the brain, which may lead to convulsions or decreased mental clarity.
Seizure - Convulsión
This is often referred to as the “happy hormone,” it acts like a neurotransmitter and assists with nerve impulses; it plays a key role in mood, digestion, sleep, and pain perception.
Serotonin - Serotonina
A viral infection caused by the chickenpox virus. It leads to inflammation of the nerve ganglia and presents as a red painful rash.
Shingles - Herpes zoster
A connecting device that allows blood or fluid to flow from one location to another.
Shunt - Derivación
The cylinder-shaped tube or column made up of nerve tissue. It connects to the brain and allows the passage of nerve fibers.
Spinal - Médula espinal
Damage to brain tissue due to a sever blockage of blood supply or the rupture of a blood vessel within the brain.
Stroke - Ataque cerebral
The leakage of blood into the space between two membranes in the brain, which is usually caused by a rupture of an aneurysm.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - Hemorragia subaracnoidea
An involuntary shaking or vibratory movement that happens in the hands, arms, legs, and feet.
Tremor - Temblor
