Digestive System Flashcards
The formation of scar tissue between organs and abdominal tissues, which causes them to fuse together.
Adhesion - Adherencia
Connecting two parts of the intestine, or other tubes or channels, after the removal of a piece of one of the structures.
Anastomosis - Anastomosis
The inability to swallow; also, a refusal to swallow foods or liquids.
Aphagia - Afagia
This is the surgical removal of the appendix, the tube-like structure at the end of the large intestine.
Appendectomy/Appendicectomy - Apendectomía
Inflammation of the appendix, which is usually accompanied by severe pain.
Appendicitis - Apendicitis
Buildup of fluid in the cavity that surrounds the abdominal organs, leading to swelling.
Ascites - Ascitis
An x-ray exam of the abdominal cavity after the injection of barium contrast dye into the rectum; used to look for abnormalities in the large intestine.
Barium enema - Enema de bario
The fluid, orange-yellow pigment created in the liver as a result of hemoglobin mixing with excreted bile from the gallbladder.
Bilirubin - Bilirrubina
To burn the skin at the site of a wound using a chemical caustic substance or heating instrument to stop the bleeding or prevent infection.
Cauterize - Cauterizar
A surgical operation to remove the gallbladder, the organ located just under the liver.
Cholecystectomy - Colecistectomía
The formation or presence of gallstones, which may block the bile duct and the removal of bile from the system, putting an individual at risk for infection.
Cholelithiasis - Colelitiasis
Liver disease marked by cell degeneration, thickening of liver tissues, and inflammation; typically, it is the result of hepatitis or chronic alcoholism.
Cirrhosis - Cirrosis
Commonly known as the large intestine, its primary function is to remove wastes from the body. It is composed of four parts: the descending, ascending, transverse, and sigmoid colon.
Colon - Colon
A noninvasive procedure involving insertion of a tube into the rectum with a camera at the end of it to look for any abnormalities in the large intestine.
Colonoscopy - Colonoscopía
A surgical procedure that creates an opening in the abdominal wall to divert a piece of healthy colon to bypass a damaged portion of the colon so that fecal matter does not leak into the bloodstream.
Colostomy - Colostomía
This is a form of inflammatory bowel disease marked by digestive tract inflammation, severe abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, malnutrition, and weight loss.
Crohn’s disease - Enfermedad de Crohn
A condition marked by multiple small pouches, or diverticula, in the intestine, without any inflammation.
Diverticulosis - Diverticulosis
A pouch or sac that is formed on the wall of the digestive tract at a weak point of tissue.
Divertriculum - Divertículo
This is the first and shortest part of the small intestine, which receives digested food from the stomach and helps prepare those chemicals for absorption.
Duodenum - Duodeno
An intestinal infection marked by severe diarrhea and blood or mucus in the stool.
Dysentery - Disentería
Another word for indigestion, which is difficult or painful digestion of food or liquid, leading to heartburn, reflux, vomiting, bloating, or gassiness.
Dyspepsia - Dispepsia
Swallowing discomfort or difficulty, usually a symptom of another disease.
Dysphagia - Disfagia
Vomiting.
Emesis - Vómito
A procedure to look inside the body or organ using a surgical instrument called an endoscope.
Endonoscopy - Endonoscopía
The tube used for swallowing, connecting the throat to the stomach.
Esophagus - Esófago
A term to describe cutting something out completely; for example, excising a hemorrhoid.
Excise - Extraer
A laboratory test of a sample of stool to look for hidden traces of blood.
Fecal occult blood test - Prueba de sangre oculta en heces
Stones formed by digestive fluids that settle in the gallbladder.
Gallstones - Cálculos biliares/Piedras en la vesícula biliar
Swelling or inflammation in the gums.
Gingivitis - Gingivitis
A symptom of indigestion marked by a burning sensation in the chest, generally caused by regurgitation of acid.
Heartburn - Agruras/Acidez estomacal
A swollen sac in the rectum or anus area that results from vein swelling.
Hemorrhoid - Hemorroide
Inflammation of the liver, which comes in many types with various symptoms and causes.
Hepatitis - Hepatitis
It is a chronic condition in the large intestine that causes pain, gas, bloating, diarrhea or constipation, and cramping; there are no changes to the tissues in the digestive tract.
IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)- Síndrome de Intestino Irritable
This is the third portion of the small intestine, which serves to help absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and anything else that was not absorbed by the second part of the small intestine, the jejunum.
Ileum - Íleon
The second or middle part of the small intestine, which serves to absorb most of the nutrients from digested food.
Jejunum - Yeyunum
A procedure that inserts a small tubular surgical instrument with a camera at the end of it into an incision to view organs and body parts.
Laparoscopy - Laparoscopía
Dark stools caused by the presence of blood from the digestive tract.
Melena - Melena
Removal of fluid in the abdomen through a surgical needle puncture.
Paracentesis/Abdominocenteis - Paracentesis
A break in the tissue lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or first part of the duodenum.
Peptic ulcer - Úlcera péptica
Pertaining to the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, covering and cushioning the organs.
Peritoneal - Peritoneal
A growth from the lining of a mucous membrane; it typically has a stalk.
Polyp - Pólipo
The study of the rectum and anus.
Proctology - Proctología
This is short for acid reflux, where stomach acids or contents backflow into the esophagus, creating
heartburn and pain.
Reflux - Reflujo
A procedure using a flexible tube instrument inserted into the anus to view the lower portion of the large intestine, which is called sigmoid.
Sigmoidoscopy - Sigmoidoscopía
The flexible and fleshy part on the roof of the mouth, near the back of the throat.
Soft palate - Paladar blando/Velo del paladar
A ring of muscle that serves as a guard for a tube, opening and closing to make sure no foreign material gets into the tube or opening.
Sphincter - Esfínter
Fatty liver caused by malnutrition, alcoholism, or drug therapy.
Steatosis - Esteatosis
Abnormal narrowing of an opening or body cavity. It may be due to inflammation, scar tissue formation, or cancer.
Strictures - Estrecheces
This is a type of inflammatory bowel disease marked by chronic ulcers and inflammation in the lining of the lower digestive tract.
Ulcerative colitis - Colitis ulcerosa
A radiographic study using contrast dye to look for any signs of inflammation or abnormalities in the upper GI tract including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.
Upper GI series - Examen gastrointestinal superior
