Muscular System Flashcards
A band of fibrous tissue connecting the heel bone to the calf muscle.
Achilles tendon - Tendón de Aquiles
Complete loss of voluntary movement.
Akinesia - Acinesia
Abnormal protein deposits in the bones, muscles, or other organs; this is a progressive and incurable disease.
Amyloidosis - Amiloidosis
Wasting away of muscle or bone, typically due to lack of use or cell degeneration.
Atrophy - Atrofia
Muscles with two points of attachment at one end. It usually refers to the muscles on the front part of the upper arm.
Biceps - Bíceps
It is a measurement of a person’s body fat based on height and weight.
BMI (Body Mass Index) - Índice de masa corporal
The two rounded portions of gluteal muscle on which a person sits.
Buttocks - Glúteos
Plural form calves, these muscles are located in the back part of the lower leg below the knee.
Calf - Pantorrilla
A flexible, firm, translucent white connective tissue found in various forms throughout the body.
Cartilage - Cartílago
A neurological condition marked by complete or partial loss of motor function and caused by some form of brain damage or abnormal development in utero.
Cerebral Palsy - Parálisis cerebral
A medical practitioner focused on the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of neuromuscular conditions, with their primary focus on spinal adjustments and manipulation.
Chiropractor - Quiropráctico
Relating to the rib and costal cartilages.
Chondrocostal - Condrocostal
A cartilaginous tumor or growth.
Chondroma - Condroma
Softening and deterioration of the cartilage.
Chondromalacia - Condromalacia
Hardening and shortening of tendons, muscles, or other tissues, leading to joint rigidity and deformity.
Contracture - Contractura
A bruise; an area of the skin marked by purple, blue, or black discoloration as a result of ruptured capillaries.
Contusion - Contusión
Also known as spasm, this is an involuntary and painful contraction of a muscle, which happens most often because of strain or fatigue.
Cramp - Calambre
A large muscle that cover the shoulder and forms its round contour.
Deltoid - Deltoide
A thin, dome-shaped sheet of muscle that plays a vital role in the breathing process. It also separates the abdomen and thorax cavities.
Diaphragm - Diafragma
Decreased power or abnormality of voluntary movements.
Dyskinesia - Disquinesia
It is a diagnostic test using tiny electrodes placed over the body to examine the electrical activity and health of the nerve cells that control the muscles.
EMG (Electromyography) - Electromiografía
Growth of cartilage on the surface of a bone.
Exostosis - Exostosis
Thin sheath of tissue that encloses and protects organs and muscles.
Fascia - Fascia
A chronic disease marked by musculoskeletal pain, localized joint tenderness, and fatigue.
Fibromyalgia - Fibromialgia
The primary calf muscle, which allows the foot and knee to flex.
Gastrocnemius - Gastrocnemio
A substance similar to glucose stored in the liver and muscles. It provides the body an additional source of energy when blood glucose levels drop.
Glycogen - Glucógeno
Three muscles in the back of the thigh that flex and rotate the leg.
Hamstrings - Isquios
Organ or body part enlargement due to increased cell size.
Hypertrophy - Hipertrofia
A fibrous and thin piece of cartilage located between joint surfaces, most commonly referred to in the knee.
Meniscus - Menisco
A drug that decreases muscle tone and impairs muscle function; it is most often used to relieve muscle spasms, hyperreflexia, or pain.
Muscle relaxant - Relajante muscular
Wasting away and weakness of the muscles caused by a genetic disease or malnutrition.
Muscular Dystrophy - Distrofia muscular
A painful rupture of muscle tissue, most commonly caused by movement beyond the normal range.
Muscular tear - Desgarre muscular
An autoimmune condition characterized by abnormally weak muscles, but non-atrophic.
Myasthenia Gravis - Miastenia Gravis
Muscle tissue tumor.
Myofibroma - Miofibroma
Any of various diseases in the muscle.
Myopathy - Miopatía
Surgical repair or suturing of a muscle.
Myorrhaphy - Miráfisis
Four tendons that stabilize the joint in the shoulder, each of which attaches to a muscle that helps the arm and shoulder move.
Rotator cuff - Manguito rotador
A tear or break in a structure or organ, such as the spleen or tendon.
Rupture - Ruptura
A natural aging process marked by muscle loss.
Sarcopenia - Sarcopenia
Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle moves involuntarily. It is present in the walls of hollow organs like the bladder, uterus, and stomach. The heart, however, is made of cardiac muscle.
Smooth muscle - Músculo liso
A lower calf muscle that helps the foot flex and point the toes downward.
Soleus - Soleo
A violent twist of a ligament resulting in pain, swelling, and bruising. The most common locations for a sprain are the ankle and wrist.
Sprain - Torcedura
Inability to easily move muscles and joints.
Stiffness - Rigidez
A severe pull or tear of a muscle or tendon. The most common locations for a strain are the lower back, calves and hamstrings.
Strain - Estirón
Inelastic, but flexible fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Tendon - Tendón
Tendon inflammation, generally caused by overuse, rheumatoid disease, or infection.
Tendonitis - Tendinitis
A serious and life-threatening bacterial infection characterized by muscle spasms.
Tetanus - Tétano
One of two triangular muscles spreading over the shoulders and back of the neck, which helps the head move.
Trapezius - Trapecio
A muscle that has three attachments at the end, used most often in reference to the large muscle in the back of the arm.
Triceps - Tríceps
