Endocrine System

Question 1

Also called hemoglobin A1C, this is a blood test to look at the average amount of glucose in the blood over the past three months.

Answer 1

A1C test/Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) - Pueba A1C

Question 2

A condition marked by excessive amounts of acid in the body fluids, which is a result of a pH imbalance that cannot be controlled by the lungs or kidneys.

Answer 2

Acidosis - Acidosis

Question 3

An overgrowth of the bones in the feet, hands, and face as a result of excess production of the growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

Answer 3

Acromegaly - Acromegalia

Question 4

This condition is marked by excessive fatigue, weight loss, weakness, and abdominal pain; it is the result of underactive adrenal glands.

Answer 4

Addison’s disease - Enfermedad de Addison

Question 5

The adrenals are small, pea-sized glands on top of each kidney; they are responsible for producing the hormone that regulates metabolism.

Answer 5

Adrenal cortex - Corteza adrenal

Question 6

A sex steroid hormone found mostly in men, produced by the testes, but can be found in the ovaries of women as well; production is stimulated by the pituitary or adrenal glands.

Answer 6

Androgens - Andrógenos

Question 7

Similar to menopause in women, this condition happens in middle-aged men as a result of declining testosterone levels; symptoms include fatigue and decreased libido.

Answer 7

Andropause - Andropausia

Question 8

A natural hormone in the body that decreases calcium levels in the blood.

Answer 8

Calcitonin - Calcitonina

Question 9

Another term for hydrocortisone, this is the stress hormone and is produced by the adrenal cortex. It is responsible for homeostasis and regulates the body’s response to fear or stress.

Answer 9

Cortisol - Cortisol

Question 10

Developmental delays and severely stunted growth as a result of a poorly functioning thyroid gland.

Answer 10

Cretinism - Cretinismo

Question 11

An endocrine disorder caused by excess cortisol production and marked by symptoms of bruising, hypertension, thin skin, weakness, weight gain, puffy face, and osteoporosis.

Answer 11

Cushing syndrome - Síndroe de Cushing

Question 12

A complement of diseases that affects blood sugar levels and how the body uses glucose; it is marked by high levels of glucose, or sugar, in the blood.

Answer 12

Diabetes mellitus - Diabetes mellitus

Question 13

A genetic or endocrine disorder marked by short stature.

Answer 13

Dwarfism - Enanismo

Question 14

Commonly used to describe a hormone problem or imbalance. It means disease of an endocrine gland.

Answer 14

Endocrinopathy - Endocrinopatía

Question 15

Also known as adrenaline, this is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.

Answer 15

Epinephrine - Epinefrina

Question 16

The primary sex hormone in females.

Answer 16

Estrogen - Estrógeno

Question 17

Abnormal and excessive eyeball protrusion, or bulging eyes.

Answer 17

Exophthalmos - Exoftalmos

Question 18

A blood test taken before eating in the morning to determine glucose levels in the blood.

Answer 18

Fasting blood sugar - Glucemia en ayunas

Question 19

The presence of glucose in the blood.

Answer 19

Glycemia - Glicemia

Question 20

Enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting in severe neck swelling.

Answer 20

Goiter - Bocio

Question 21

The reproductive glands such as ovaries or testes that produce sex hormones.

Answer 21

Gonads - Gónadas

Question 22

A condition marked by an overactive thyroid gland leading to symptoms of protruding eyes and neck swelling.

Answer 22

Grave´s disease - Enfermedad de Graves

Question 23

Breast enlargement in men, which is usually due to a hormone imbalance.

Answer 23

Gynecomastia - Ginecomastia

Question 24

Internal physiological stability, which happens as a result of the body’s various systems coordinating with each other to react to stimuli.

Answer 24

Homeostasis - Homeostasis

Question 25

A chemical produced by the body, which regulates organs and activities within the body.

Answer 25

Hormone - Hormona

Question 26

A sudden onset of feeling warm or flushed, especially in the face, chest, and neck.

Answer 26

Hot flashes - Sofocos

Question 27

An excess amount of glucose, or sugar, in the blood. It is the opposite of hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar levels.

Answer 27

Hyperglycemia - Hiperglucemia

Question 28

An overactive thyroid gland, which excretes excess amounts of thyroid hormones causing symptoms like rapid heartbeat and increased metabolism.

Answer 28

Hyperthyroidism - Hipertiroidismo

Question 29

Underactivity of the pituitary gland, leading to premature aging and short stature.

Answer 29

Hypopituitarism - Hipopituitarismo

Question 30

A hormone released by the pancreas, which regulates the blood glucose levels.

Answer 30

Insulin - Insulina

Question 31

Also called diabetic ketoacidosis, this is a serious complication of diabetes, which produces extremely high levels of ketones, or blood acids, in the body.

Answer 31

Ketoacidosis - Cetoacidosis

Question 32

A metabolic process marked by increased levels of ketone bodies in the blood, which means there is not enough glucose in the body.

Answer 32

Ketosis - Cetosis

Question 33

The chemical breakdown of substances in the body to produce energy in the cells so the body’s various organs and systems can function properly.

Answer 33

Metabolism - Metabolismo

Question 34

An oral medication given to type 2 diabetics, which helps control blood glucose levels.

Answer 34

Metformin - Metformina

Question 35

Decreased production of hormones from the thyroid gland, leading to skin thickening and swelling.

Answer 35

Myxedema - Miedema

Question 36

A small, rounded growth of tissue.

Answer 36

Nodules - Nódulos

Question 37

A test to determine how quickly the body clears glucose in the blood. It is usually used to diagnose gestational diabetes.

Answer 37

OGTT - Prueba oral de tolerancia a la glucosa

Question 38

Sometimes called the love or cuddle hormone. In women, it also facilitates childbirth, breastfeeding and bonding with the baby.

Answer 38

Oxytocin - Oxitocina

Question 39

A glandular organ in the digestive system that produces insulin.

Answer 39

Pancreas - Páncreas

Question 40

There are four parathyroid glands, all located in the neck, near or behind the thyroid gland, and responsible for controlling calcium levels.

Answer 40

Parathyroid glands - Glándulas paratiroideas

Question 41

This gland produces melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of sleep-wake patterns and seasonal functions.

Answer 41

Pineal gland - Glándula pineal

Question 42

This tiny gland is known as the “master gland” because its hormones control other glands. Some of the major hormones produced by this gland are the growth hormone, prolactin, and oxytocin.

Answer 42

Pituitary gland - Glándula pituitaria

Question 43

A non-therapeutic medicine used in place of the real drug to produce a psychological response to determine if it benefits the patient.

Answer 43

Placebo - Placebo

Question 44

Excessive thirst or fluid intake, which is one of the initial symptoms of diabetes.

Answer 44

Polydipsia - Polidipsia

Question 45

This is the therapy used for Graves’ disease or hyperthyroidism to try to slow down the production of thyroid hormones.

Answer 45

Radioactive Iodine - Yodo radioactivo

Question 46

Molecules, including hormones, that have several rings of carbon atoms and serve a physiological function.

Answer 46

Steroid - Esteroide

Question 47

The primary sex hormone in males.

Answer 47

Testosterone - Testosterona

Question 48

Decreased parathyroid gland function, leading to calcium deficiency and muscle spasms.

Answer 48

Tetany - Tetania

Question 49

This butterfly-shaped gland is located in the front of the neck and it’s mainly responsible for controlling metabolism.

Answer 49

Thyroid - Tiroides

Question 50

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland, which is done because of cancer, enlargement, or hyperthyroidism.

Answer 50

Thyroidectomy - Tirodectomía