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Anatomy > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is CNS and PNS segmented into

A

sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent division)

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2
Q

what is sensory division split into

A

somatic sensory (pressure, touch, pain, hearing, vision)

visceral sensory (stretch, pain, temp etc)

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3
Q

what is efferent motor division split into

A 
visceral motor- autonomic nervous system 
somatic motor (voluntary, to skeletal muscle- no ganglia)
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4
Q

what is autonomic division split into

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

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5
Q

how many cervical nerves are in the dog

A

8 (one extra)

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6
Q

how many thoracic nerves

A

13

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7
Q

how many lumbar nerves

A

7

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8
Q

how many sacral and caudal nerves

A

3

1 or more caudal nerves

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9
Q

what does the dorsal ramus give nerves to

A

expaxial muscles- epimere

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10
Q

what does ventral ramus give nerves to

A

hypaxial muscles, limbs and bodywall (hypomere)

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11
Q

what nerves does dorsal horn give off

A

dorsal sensory root (into dorsal root ganglion) (can travel in either ramus

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12
Q

what does ventral horn give off

A

ventral motor root

can travel in either ramus

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13
Q

C1 nerve

A

motor only

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14
Q

brachial plexus ganglia and nerves

A

C6-T2
girdle (dorsal): cleidobrachialis, suprascapular, subscapular
cranial (ventral): cranial, musculocutaneous
lateral (dorsal): radial, thoracodorsal, axillary
caudal (ventral): median, ulnar, caudal pec

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15
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A 
L4-S2
sciatic nerve into fibular and tibial
obturator (downer cow syndrome)
femoral L4-L6
(pudendal)
(L3-L4 genitofemoral)
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16
Q

dermatome stripes

A

innervation of skin- dermatomes overlap

17
Q

damage to radial nerve

A

ie when struck by car, humeral fracture, prolonged recumbancy in horses (brachial plexus avulsion)
cant extend carpus so cant stand (if below triceps, can stand)

18
Q

sweeney

A

damage to horse suprascapular nerve

hit gate post or wear ill fitting draught collar- atrophy of supra and infraspinatus

19
Q

cervical nerves

A

c1-5: segmental skin and spinal muscles
some innervate cr. muscles of truncobrachial junction
c2: sensory to skin of cd. head and ear
c5,6,7 form phrenic nerve

20
Q

interappendicular spine

A

T3-L3
T3-T12- spinal segments and intercostal spaces
T13-L3- sensory innervation to flank (prevertebral analgesia)

21
Q

sympathetic outflow

A

T1-L4

ganglions distal to organ of effect

22
Q

parasymathetic outflow

A

cranio sacral from cranial nerves and spinal segments S1-3

23
Q

neurons- cell bodies

A

1st order neuron (preganglionic) in CNS
2nd order neueron (postganglionic) is peripheral (neural crest)
sympathetic: ganglions- distal to target organ
parasymp: individua- close to target organ

24
Q

dysautonomia

A

neuropathy of ANS neurones

fatigue, depression, hypo/hyper tension exercsie intolerance, digestive problems (ileus)

25
Q

grass sickness (equine)

A

bacterial?
2-7 y/o
deperession, constipation, no pupile reflex
can be acute, subacute or chronic

26
Q

key gaskall syndrome (feline)

A

autonomic ganglion degeneration

regurgitation, depression, crusty nose, reduced tear secretion

27
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

damage to symp supply, normally unilateral

head injuries

28
Q

roaring

A

left laryngeal hemiplegia (half larynx paralysed)

reduces outflow during exercise

29
Q

What does radial nerve innervates

A

Extensors of forelimb

30
Q

Median nerve innervates

A

Radial flexor, pronator, ddf, sdf

31
Q

Ulnar nerve innervates

A

Ulnar flexor muscles
Ddf
Sdf
Interosseus

32
Q

obturator nerve innervates

A

gracilis, adductor, pectineus, ext obturator

33
Q

femoral nerve innervates

A

hip flexors, stifle extensors

turns into saphenous nerve on medial aspect

34
Q

sciatic nerve innervates

A

cr. and cd. gluteals, tibial and fibular nerves
fibular on caudal aspect
on lateral side

Anatomy (5 decks)

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