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Anatomy > A > Flashcards

A Flashcards

1
Q

Physis

A

Growth plate

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2
Q

Bone with spicules ‘trabeculae’

A

Trabecular/ cancellous/ spongy

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Mucopolysaccharide gel

Type 2 collagen fibres

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4
Q

Connective tissue around cartilage

A

Periochondrium

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5
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Complex- partly fibrous, partly hyaline- joints

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6
Q

Matrix of bone

A

Osteoid

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7
Q

Composition of bone

A

Type 1 collagen,

Hydroxyapatite w adsorbed calcium carbonate

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8
Q

Endochondral formation

A

Forms long bones

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9
Q

Membrane bone formation

A

Forms skull/ flat bones- between two layers of cartilage

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10
Q

Bird bones

A

Pneumatised- contain triangular spicules

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11
Q

Bone lining

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

Osteon

A

Functional unit of bone, concentric rings of matrix, interspersed with lacunae

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13
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease- due to instability, trauma, disease, incurable but manageable

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14
Q

Osteochondrosis (OCD)

A

Fast growing dogs, horses

Disordered ossification of endplate, articular cartilage thickens and detaches- can fall off

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15
Q

Synastosis

A

Bone- mature skull and pelvis -

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16
Q

Synarthroses

A

Immobile joints

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17
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Cartilage- growth plates

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18
Q

Symphysis

A

Fibrocartilage

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19
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Fibrous- distal tibio-fibular

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20
Q

Gomphosis

A

Fibrous- tooth socket

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21
Q

Diarthrosis (synovial joints)

A

Mobile joints with fluid and cartilage

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22
Q

Synovial membrane cells

A

Synoviocytes type a (phagocytic)

B (secretory)

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23
Q

GAGs

A

Glycosaminoglycans
Negative charge
Attracts water
Contains hyaluronate polysaccharide mask

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24
Q

Why should enoflaxin not be used in young animals

A

Antibiotic- causes abnormal development of articular cartilage

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25
Q

Labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous ext to joint surface

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26
Q

Fat pads

A

Lie between synovial membrane and capsule

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27
Q

Bursae

A

Small synovial spaces between bones and tendons, occasional muscles and skin

28
Q

Funicular tendon

A

Cords

29
Q

Aponeurotic tendon

A

Sheets

30
Q

Palmar digital neurectomy

A

Diagnose navicular disease with local analgesia, then cut neurones to prevent pain

31
Q

Lacertus fibrosis

A

Forelimb stay apparatus

Internal tendon through biceps and ECR- scapula to cannon- carpus locked preventing shoulder and elbow fleion

32
Q

Carpal check ligament

A

Prevents PiPj and DiPj overextension

33
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

SDF contains fibrous band from femur to tuber calcis- hock extended when stifle locks

34
Q

Perinyctium

A

Hoof slipper- protects uterus and fetal membrane

Seperates along pre formed fracture line after birth

35
Q

Subcutis

A

Hypodermis (esp in hoof)

36
Q

How many patella’s in horses and oxen

A

Three

37
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

Holds neck up-extension of supraspinous ligament- bridges C1 to T1

38
Q

What is the ‘yes’ hinge

A

C1 to skull

Also rotation

39
Q

‘No’ pivot

A

C1-c2

40
Q

Diaphragmatic vertebra

A

T10

41
Q

Anticlinal vertebrae

A

T11

42
Q

Which two vertebra have no disc between them

A

C1 and C2

43
Q

What joint do vertebral articular facets form

A

Synovial

44
Q

Tunica flavia well developed in what species

A

Horse- supports weight (yellow elastic tissue)

45
Q

Heave line

A

Chronic respiratory distress- hypertrophy of EAO- step like appearance

46
Q

Which abdominal muscles are deep to RA cranially, and caudally?

A

Cranially: IAO, TA
Caudal: all three are superficial

47
Q

Boundaries of para lumbar fossa

A

Last rib
Tuber coxae
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

48
Q

Which nerves blocked in paravertebral anaesthesia

A

T13-L3

49
Q

Structures through femoral canal

A

Psoas major, fem artery and vein

50
Q

Innervation to adipocytes

A

Sympathetic

51
Q

Eumelanin

A

Black/ brown

52
Q

Phaemelanin

A

Red/ yellow

53
Q

Hair growth cycle

A

Anagen- catagen- telogen

54
Q

Rete arteriosus

A

Net of artery anastomoses

55
Q

Rete merable

A

Parallel branching from blood vessels reuniting in a single vessel-eg in brain, kidney

56
Q

Wringing action of heart?

A

Wringing twist in apex due to circumference fibres

57
Q

Which species has contractile aorta

A

Rabbits

58
Q

What are the ridges of muscle inthe heart auricle

A

Pectinate muscles- reduce friction

59
Q

What are the ridges of muscle in the ventricle

A

Trabeculae carnaeae

60
Q

How many lymph sacs develop? How many regress?

A

6, all regress but cisterna chyli

61
Q

Outer layer of spleen

A

Capsule and muscular trabeculae- changes size x5

62
Q

Red pulp

A 
Complex reticuloendothelial mesh and blood filled sinusoids
Many monocytes
Break down RBCs
Stores RBCs- 30% in resting horse
Makes RBCs in foetus (not post natal)
63
Q

White pulp

A

Lymphoid B cell nodules or cylinders, surrounded by T cells

64
Q

Thymus

A

Primary lymphoid organ (like bone marrow)
Where lymphocytes for and mature- educates T cells
Lobulated
In medulla, exposed to Hassalls corpuscles

65
Q

Which side of lymphatics drained separately

A

Right head, neck and forelimb

Anatomy (5 decks)

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