Nervous System Flashcards
Pre-central gyrus controls what function? What is it also known as?
Motor function. Primary motor cortex.
Post-central gyrus relates to what function? What is it also known as?
Sensory function. Primary sensory cortex.
What ‘landmarks’ outline the frontal lobe?
Central gyrus, followed down past lateral fissure.
What are the three main areas of the frontal lobe?
Premotor/planning cortex, Primary motor cortex, and frontal association cortex.
What is the brocas area responsible for, and where can it be found?
Production of speech/language, in the premotor cortex.
What ‘landmarks’ outline the parietal lobe?
Central gyrus, lateral fissure, parieto-occipital sulcus.
What is the supramarginal gyrus responsible for?
reading/writing.
What distinguishes the primary and secondary visual cortex’s?
The secondary visual cortex receives information from the primary visual cortex and is important for depth perception among other roles.
What is the wernicke’s area responsible for and where is it found?
Comprehension of language, below the lateral fissure in the temporal lobe.
What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for and where is it located?
Initial processing of sounds and speech (not comprehension), within the wernicke’s area (temporal lobe, below lateral fissure).
How many nerves are there in the spinal cord?
31
How many cervical nerves are there? how many corresponding vertebrae?
8/7
How many thoracic nerves are there? how many corresponding vertebrae?
12/12
How many lumbar nerves are there? how many corresponding vertebrae?
5/5
How many sacral nerves are there? how many corresponding vertebrae?
5, there are no vertebrae… there is a sacrum
How many coccygeal nerves are there? how many corresponding vertebrae?
1, there are no vertebrae… there is a coccyx
What is the cingulate gyrus and where is it found?
A gyrus where fight/flight responses and logical reasoning from the frontal lobe interconnect and meet.
What is the corpus callosum and where is it found?
A collection of white matter the links the right and left
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Below the corpus callosum, and above the mid brain
Where is the mid brain located?
below the hypothalamus and above the hind brain
Where is the fore brain located?
around the occipital lobe
Where is the hind brain located?
around the cerebellum
Order the following from outside to inside: Sub-dural space, sub-arachnoid space, pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater, epidural space
epidural space, dura mater, sub-dura space, arachnoid mater, sub arachnoid space, pia mater
What two pathways create a spinal nerve?
A dorsal and ventral root
What root is responsible for the motor nerves?
Ventral root
What root is responsible for the sensory nerves?
Dorsal root
What lies in the sub-arachnoid space?
Cerebral spinal fluid
What is the function of the filum terminale, and where is it located?
To anchor the spinal nerves
What is the function and location of the cervical enlargement?
To allow for more efficient output of motor nerve communication and input of sensory nerve communication for areas such as the arms
What is the function of the thoracolumbar enlargement and where is it located?
To allow for more efficient output of motor nerve communication and input of sensory nerve communication for areas such as the legs
Where does the spinal cord end?
L1
What sensory function is associated with free ended peripheral nerves? What speed do these nerves propagate action potentials? what root do these nerves enter?
Pain + temperature. 1m/s. dorsal roots.
What sensory function is associated with myelin sheeted peripheral nerves? what speed do these nerves propagate action potentials? what root do these nerves enter?
Pressure + touch. Very fast. Dorsal roots.
Touch and pressure are associated with which corpuscles?
Meisner’s corpuscle and pacinian corpuscle.
How are the broca’s area and wernicke’s area/primary auditory cortex connected?
Arcuate fassiculus
What is a fassiculi?
A grouping of white matter that acts as a connective component
What is the function of the exeners area?
Hand coordination
What is the function of the angular gyrus?
Writing
Define aphasia
Inability to speak
Fluent/sensory aphasia impacts function how? Which region of the brain is impacted in this context? how may this have occurred in a patient?
Patient is able to produce speech/language, but is unable to interpret or understand language. Wernickes area. From a stroke or lesion.
Contrast ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes
Ischemic strokes are caused by a lack of oxygen to a region of the brain due to a blood clot. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by bleeding/an aneurysm in a blood vessel located in the brain. This can cause pressure increase and lack of oxygen supply.