Nervous system

Question 1

Neurons function and structure

Answer 1

signalling element of nervous system

dendrites, cell body, axon, synapses

Question 2

Glia function ‘glue’

Answer 2

insulation between neurons and they support neurons

Question 3

Schwann cells surround all axons in the … participate in ….. process after injury

Answer 3

PNS

repair

Question 4

Satellite cells in the … surround …….. cell bodies in ……. which regulate … …. .nutrient and ………

Answer 4

PNS
neuron
ganglia
O2
CO2
 neurotransmitter

Question 5

What part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting info from neuron to other cells

Answer 5

axon

Question 6

Pre-synaptic neuron: generates an ….. ……… which arrives at the ………. terminal causing ………. release

Answer 6

action potential
pre-synaptic
neurotransmitter

Question 7

Post-synaptic neuron: ……….. activates the ………. terminal on ………. which transmit a signal to the …… …….

Answer 7

neurotransmitter
post-synaptic
dendrites
cell body

Question 8

Speed of conduction: The insulator is ……. which is produced by …….. (CNS) and …….. ……. (PNS)

Answer 8

myelin
oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

Question 9

Gaps between the segment of myelinated axon are called …….. .. ……..

Answer 9

nodes of ranvier

Question 10

What structures does the CNS contained and the PNS

Answer 10

cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

Question 11

Function CNS and PNS

Answer 11

CNS: integrates inputs + outputs
PNS: transmit info from CNS to CNS
(sensors/effectors)

Question 12

What is the function of afferent and efferent neurons

Answer 12

• receive + transmit info from environment to the CNS

- transmit info generated in the CNS to the periphery

Question 13

What 2 systems are in both the CNS and PNS and what are there functions?

Answer 13

Somatic nervous system - receives signals from heat, pain, controls voluntary muscles
Autonomic nervous system - controls involuntary muscles (cardiac muscle, lung, gut, heart)

Question 14

What system contains sympathetic and parasympathetic and what do they mean

Answer 14

Autonomic nervous system - INVOLUNTARY
sympathetic: ‘fight or flight’
parasympathetic ‘(rest + digest)

Question 15

Term of white matter and grey matter in brain

Answer 15

white : myelinated axons

grey : collections of neuronal cell bodies

Question 16

Structure of peripheral nerve- 3 layers of connective tissue and their function:
The endoneurium:
Th perineurium:
The epineurium

Answer 16

• surronds nerve fibres (axon +schwann)
• layers of fibroblasts surrounding small bundles of fibres
• encloses nerve

Question 17

CNS

> > >

Answer 17

sensory input > process info > motor output

Question 18

Does PNS carry sensory or motor info? what does it regulate

Answer 18

both

involuntary functions e.g breathing/heart beat

Question 19

Sympathetic synapse

pre ganglionic + post ganglionic = releases in organ= binds to

Answer 19

acetylcholine + nicotinic = noradrenaline - adrenergic receptor

Question 20

What innervation does CN eye, facial, tongue and vagus carry

Answer 20

parasympathetic

Question 21

What CN is most innervated by the parasympathetic

Answer 21

vagus

Question 22

What do parasympathetic pre-ganglionic come out of?

Answer 22

CN or S2, S3, S4

Question 23

Parasympathetic synapse

pre ganglionic + post ganglionic = release in organ = binds to

Answer 23

acetylcholine + nicotinic = acetylcholine - muscarinic receptor