Nervous Flashcards
What are the two systems that make up the nervous system?
Central nervous system- brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system- nerves that exit the spinal cord
Does white matter or grey matter have insulation?
White matter has insulation
Which type of matter is coated in myelin?
White matter has bundles of axons coated in myelins.
Which system allows your body to be alert?
Sympathetic system
Which body system control involuntary responses?
Autonomic nervous system
Which system controls voluntary movements?
Somatic nervous system
Which system helps fight or flight response?
Sympathetic division
Which system is used during rest or digest?
Parasympathetic division
Which cell carries electrical impulses around the body?
Neurones
What is a myelin sheath known as on neurone cells?
Schwann cells
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory, motor, intermediate
What is the role of a sensory neuron?
To transmit nerve impulses from a receptor to an intermediate or motor neuron.
What is the role of the motor neuron?
To transmit nerve impulses away from an intermediate or relay neuron
What is the role of intermediate or relay neurons?
To transmit impulses between neurons. They have one axon but many dendrites.
What is the function of the cell body?
Contains all the organelles
What is the function of dendrons?
Extension of the cell body which subdivide into smaller branched fibres that carry nerve impulses towards the cell body.
What is the function of the axon?
The long single fibre that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body
What is the function of a Schwann cell?
Surround the axon for protection and electrical insulation
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Forms a covering to the axon and is made up on the membranes of the Schwann cells.
What is the function of the nodes of ranvier?
Constrictions between adjacent Schwann cells where there is no myelin sheath.
What is a nerve?
A bundle of axons carrying information
What are the three structures in the cell membrane?
Sodium ion channels, potassium ion channels, sodium potassium pump.
What does self propagating mean?
Moves itself
What is the first phase of action potential called?
Depolarisation
What is the second phase of action potential called?
Repolarisation
What are the three stages of action potential?
Depolarisation, repolarisation, hyperpolarization
What is the junction between nerve cells called?
Synapse
What transmits signals across the synapse between neurons?
Neurotransmitters
