Nerves, spinal cord, meninges

Question 1

Afferent nerves are associated with which pathway?

Answer 1

sensory

Question 2

Efferent nerves are associated with which pathway?

Answer 2

motor

Question 3

name the three different types of neurons?

Answer 3

multipolar, pseudounipolar, bipolar

Question 4

give examples of multipolar, pseudounipolar, and bipolar neurons?

Answer 4

Multipolar: Motor nerve cells,
Pseudounipolar: sensory
Bipolar: sensory neurons for special senses

Question 5

Give an example of a neuroglia?

Answer 5

schwann cells/ oligendendrocytes

Question 6

Sensory neurons send information from where to where?

Answer 6

PNS to CNS

Question 7

Motor neurons send information from where to where?

Answer 7

CNS to PNS

Question 8

At which two levels is there a slight enlargement of the spinal cord?

Answer 8

cervical and lumbosacral

Question 9

what is a negative to regions of enlargement?

Answer 9

enlarged regions are more susceptible to spinal stenosis (narrowing of the canal from inflammation)

Question 10

where does the spinal cord start?

Answer 10

medulla oblongata

Question 11

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 11

L1/L2

Question 12

what is the portion of spinal cord called after L2?

Answer 12

conus medullaris is point of spinal cord ending, fuse to form filum terminale

Question 13

what is the cauda equina?

Answer 13

Spinal nerves below L2

Question 14

what is white matter?

Answer 14

myelinated axons

Question 15

what is gray matter?

Answer 15

collection of cell bodies

Question 16

Describe the four portions of gray matter?

Answer 16

ventral horn, dorsal horn, lateral horns

Question 17

what are the ventral horns?

Answer 17

cell bodies for motor

Question 18

what are the dorsal horns?

Answer 18

collect info from sensory

Question 19

what are lateral horns?

Answer 19

cell bodies for symp

Question 20

What problem would occur for a lesion above C5?

Answer 20

breathing affected

Question 21

result of a lesion to C5-T1?

Answer 21

complete/incomplete quadriplegia

Question 22

result of a lesion to T1-L4?

Answer 22

paraplegia

Question 23

result of a lesion to L4-S1?

Answer 23

incomplete paraplegia

Question 24

where do nerves exit the spinal cord?

Answer 24

through the intervertebral foramen

Question 25

which diseases narrow the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 25

disc herniation, compression fracture, arthritis, bone spurs

Question 26

what affect does narrowing of IV have?

Answer 26

May irritate spinal nerves exiting

Question 27

at what level is a narrow spinal cord irritation common?

Answer 27

L5 because the nerves are large and foramen is narrow

Question 28

describe the process of the stretch reflex?

Answer 28

rapid stretch of muscle fibers causes impulse along sensory nerve, axon terminals receive signal, motor neuron in anterior horn triggers contraction, interneuron in posterior horn causes inhibition

Question 29

What is a dermatome?

Answer 29

skin segments supplied by spinal cord

Question 30

what is a myotome?

Answer 30

muscle segment supplied by spinal cord

Question 31

Where is the dura mater?

Answer 31

outer layer

Question 32

where is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 32

underside of dura mater

Question 33

where is the epidural space?

Answer 33

inbetween dural sac and vertebrae