Digestive tract Flashcards
What structures are within the foregut?
esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas, spleen
what supplies the foregut?
celiac trunk
What structures are within the midgut?
jejunum, ileum, ascending, transverse colon
What supplies the midgut?
supplied by superior mesenteric a.
What structures are within the hindgut?
descending/sigmoid colon. rectum
what supplies the hindgut?
inferior mesenteric a.
What does the parietal peritoneum line?
internal surface of abdominopelvic wall
what does the visceral peritoneum line?
abdominal organs
what are intraperitoneal organs?
organs completely enveloped in visceral peritoneum
what are retroperitoneal organs?
organs against wall that are lined only by parieral peritoneum
what is the mesentery?
double layer of peritoneum that covers majority of small intestine and superior mesenteric vessels
what is the transverse mesocolone
mesenteric projection to cover transverse colon
What is the function of the coronary ligament?
projection of peritoneum to liver surface, holds liver to wall
what is the lesser omentum?
mesenteric connection between liver and GI tract
Divisions of the lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric ligement connects liver to stomach, hepatoduodenal ligament connects liver to duodenum
what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?
portal triad
what structures are within portal triad?
common bile duct, portal vein, proper hepatic a.
what does the greater omentum connect?
stomach and transverse colon
what does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?
stomach and spllen
what does the splenorenal ligament connect?
spleen and left kidney
list the general tissue layers of the GI. innermost to outer?
mucosa- submucosa-muscularis-adventitia
what is contained within the submucosa?
vasculature, meissners plexus, lymphati c tissue
function of meissners plexus?
parasympathetic control of GI, secretion and blood flow regulation
Function of the esophagus?
controlled autonomic contractions that creates peristalsis, once bolus reaches esophageal hiatus, cardiac sphincter relaxes to allow passage
what is the z -line?
change in mucosa layer of the esophagus, allows contact with stomach acid
what is the lower esophageal sphincter?
constricts to prevent acid refluc
what part of the stomach enlarges with eating?
fundus
what is the main propulsive portion of the stomach?
the body
what are gastric rugae and what is there function?
folds in the stomach lining that allow for stretching of the stomach
function of the gastric sphincter?
allows bolus into duodenum
main function of stomach?
mixes foods with digestive enzymes
what is the stomach lined with to protect against acid?
mucus
what enzymes are secreted into stomach?
HCL, pepsinogen
which portion of the duodenum is considered intraperitoneal?
superior region
where does the bile enter the duodenum?
hepatopancreatic ampulla in the descending region
characteristics of the jejunum?
thick, plicae circulares (folds)prominent, single arcade loop, long vasta recta
which portion of small intestine has greatest vasculature?
jejunum
characteristics of ileum?
thin, plicae less prominent, smaller arcades, shorter vasa recta
what are small intenstine arcades?
anastomose arteries
what are small intestine vasa recta?
branches off the arcades
Name the portions of the large intestine?
cecum, ascending colon, transverse, descending colon, sigmoid colon
Name the three salivary glands?
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
function of enzyme lysozyme?
inhibits bacterial growth
function of salivary amylas?
breaks down carbs
what ligament divides the halves of the liver?
falciform ligament
name the two additional regions of the left liver?
posterior caudate and anterior quadrate
Function of gallbladder?
production and storage of bile
what two ducts merge to form common bile duct?
hepatic duct (liver) and cystic duct (gallbladder)
importance of porta hepatis?
allows all nutrients to enter liver first
Function of hepatopancreatic ampulla?
point where pancreatic duct and common bile duct merge
what duct drains unciate process of pancreas?
accesory pancreatic duct
