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Gross anatomy > Digestive tract > Flashcards

Digestive tract Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are within the foregut?

A

esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas, spleen

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2
Q

what supplies the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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3
Q

What structures are within the midgut?

A

jejunum, ileum, ascending, transverse colon

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4
Q

What supplies the midgut?

A

supplied by superior mesenteric a.

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5
Q

What structures are within the hindgut?

A

descending/sigmoid colon. rectum

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6
Q

what supplies the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric a.

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7
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

internal surface of abdominopelvic wall

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8
Q

what does the visceral peritoneum line?

A

abdominal organs

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9
Q

what are intraperitoneal organs?

A

organs completely enveloped in visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

what are retroperitoneal organs?

A

organs against wall that are lined only by parieral peritoneum

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11
Q

what is the mesentery?

A

double layer of peritoneum that covers majority of small intestine and superior mesenteric vessels

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12
Q

what is the transverse mesocolone

A

mesenteric projection to cover transverse colon

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13
Q

What is the function of the coronary ligament?

A

projection of peritoneum to liver surface, holds liver to wall

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14
Q

what is the lesser omentum?

A

mesenteric connection between liver and GI tract

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15
Q

Divisions of the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric ligement connects liver to stomach, hepatoduodenal ligament connects liver to duodenum

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16
Q

what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

A

portal triad

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17
Q

what structures are within portal triad?

A

common bile duct, portal vein, proper hepatic a.

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18
Q

what does the greater omentum connect?

A

stomach and transverse colon

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19
Q

what does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?

A

stomach and spllen

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20
Q

what does the splenorenal ligament connect?

A

spleen and left kidney

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21
Q

list the general tissue layers of the GI. innermost to outer?

A

mucosa- submucosa-muscularis-adventitia

22
Q

what is contained within the submucosa?

A

vasculature, meissners plexus, lymphati c tissue

23
Q

function of meissners plexus?

A

parasympathetic control of GI, secretion and blood flow regulation

24
Q

Function of the esophagus?

A

controlled autonomic contractions that creates peristalsis, once bolus reaches esophageal hiatus, cardiac sphincter relaxes to allow passage

25
Q

what is the z -line?

A

change in mucosa layer of the esophagus, allows contact with stomach acid

26
Q

what is the lower esophageal sphincter?

A

constricts to prevent acid refluc

27
Q

what part of the stomach enlarges with eating?

A

fundus

28
Q

what is the main propulsive portion of the stomach?

A

the body

29
Q

what are gastric rugae and what is there function?

A

folds in the stomach lining that allow for stretching of the stomach

30
Q

function of the gastric sphincter?

A

allows bolus into duodenum

31
Q

main function of stomach?

A

mixes foods with digestive enzymes

32
Q

what is the stomach lined with to protect against acid?

A

mucus

33
Q

what enzymes are secreted into stomach?

A

HCL, pepsinogen

34
Q

which portion of the duodenum is considered intraperitoneal?

A

superior region

35
Q

where does the bile enter the duodenum?

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla in the descending region

36
Q

characteristics of the jejunum?

A

thick, plicae circulares (folds)prominent, single arcade loop, long vasta recta

37
Q

which portion of small intestine has greatest vasculature?

A

jejunum

38
Q

characteristics of ileum?

A

thin, plicae less prominent, smaller arcades, shorter vasa recta

39
Q

what are small intenstine arcades?

A

anastomose arteries

40
Q

what are small intestine vasa recta?

A

branches off the arcades

41
Q

Name the portions of the large intestine?

A

cecum, ascending colon, transverse, descending colon, sigmoid colon

42
Q

Name the three salivary glands?

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

43
Q

function of enzyme lysozyme?

A

inhibits bacterial growth

44
Q

function of salivary amylas?

A

breaks down carbs

45
Q

what ligament divides the halves of the liver?

A

falciform ligament

46
Q

name the two additional regions of the left liver?

A

posterior caudate and anterior quadrate

47
Q

Function of gallbladder?

A

production and storage of bile

48
Q

what two ducts merge to form common bile duct?

A

hepatic duct (liver) and cystic duct (gallbladder)

49
Q

importance of porta hepatis?

A

allows all nutrients to enter liver first

50
Q

Function of hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

point where pancreatic duct and common bile duct merge

51
Q

what duct drains unciate process of pancreas?

A

accesory pancreatic duct

Gross anatomy (19 decks)

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