Nerves of the Neck Flashcards
What are the major nerves contained within the neck?
1) Glossopharyngeal Neve (CN IX)
2) Vagus Nerve (CN X)
3) Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
4) Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
5) Cervical part of the sympathetic trunk
What are the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
1) Tympanic branch
2) Branch to carotid sinus
3) Pharyngeal Branch
4) Branch to Stylopharngeus
5) Tonsillar Branch
6) Lingual Banch
What is the only motor branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Branch to Stylopharyngues
Which brnach of the glossopharyngeal nerve senses pain in otitis media?
Tympanic Nerve
What is the control center for swallowing?
Pharyngeal Plexus
Which branch of teh glossopharyngeal nerve is formed union of vagus, glossopharyngeal, and sympathic trunk?
Pharyngeal Branch
Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve senses pain in acute pharyngitis and is a afferent limb of the gag reflex?
Pharyngeal branch
Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve sense pain in tonsillitis?
Tonsillar branch
Which branch of the is the terminal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Lingual branch
Which nerve is the longest cranial nerve that has extensive distribution n the head, neck, thorax and abdomen?
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Which cranial nerves exit the skull via the jugular foraman?
1) Vagus Nerve
2) Glossopharyngeal Nerve
3) Accessory Nerve
What are the two major ganglia of the vagus nerve within the neck?
1) Superior (Jugular) Ganglion
2) Inferior (Nodose) Ganlion
What are the branches of the vagus nerve in he head and neck?
1) Meningeal Branch
2) Auricular Branch
3) Pharyngeal Branch
4) Superior Laryngeal Nerve
5) Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Which branch of the vagus arises from the superior ganglion and supplies the dura mater with sensory innervation?
Meningeal Branch
Which branch of the vagus may be involved with cervicogenic headaches?
Meningeal Branch
Which branch of the vagus is sensory to the auricle, the floor of the external auditory meatus, and the tympanic membrane?
Auricular Branch
Which branch of the vagus is involved with pain sensation with oititis externa?
Auricular Branch
Which branch(s) of the vagus nerve int eh head/neck are strictly sensory?
1) Meningeal Branch
2) Auricular Branch
Which branch of the vagus is the chief motor supply to the muscles of the pharynx and soft palette?
Pharyngeal Branch
Which branch of the vagus originate from the cranial part of the accessory nerve?
Pharyngeal Branch
The pharyngeal plexus is motor to all muscles of the pharynx/soft palette except for which muscles?
1) Stylopharyngeus-innervated by the glosspharngeal neve
2) Tensor Veli Palatini- Innervated by the trigeminal nerve
What are the two branches of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve?
1) Internal Laryngeal Nerve
2) External Laryngeal Nerve
Which nerve is sensory to the the mucous membrane of the larynx superior to the true vocal folds?
Internal Laryngeal Nerve
Which nerve is motor innervation to the cricothyroid and inferior constrictor muscles?
External Laryngeal Nerve
Which nerve arises from the vagus within the thorax then ascends back into the neck between the trachea and esophagus and applied to the posterior surface of the thyroid?
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Which nerve is sensory innervation to the mucous membrane of the larynx below the true vocal folds and to the trachea?
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Which nerve is motor innervation to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid?
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
What clinical conditions can cause damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
1) Removal/Surgery of/to the Thyroid Gland
2) Goiter or Thyroid Tumor
3) Lung Tumor to the medial surface or apex of the lung
4) Aortic Aneurysm (will only occur on the left side)
Which nerve is formed by the union of two parts?
Accessory Nerve
What are the two parts of the Accessory Nerve?
1) Cranial Part-originates from the M.O.
2) Spinal Part- originates from the sides of the spinal cord
Which part of the accessory nerve ascends through the foramen magnum and joins the other part for a short distance?
Spinal part
T/F: Both parts of the accessory nerve exit the skull through the jugular foramen.
True
Which part of the accessory nerve joins with the vagus just above the inferior vagal ganglion?
Cranial part
The cranial part of the accessory nerve supplies the vagus with motor fibers which travel with what?
1) Pharyngeal branch of the vagus
2) Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?
the muscles of the larynx
what does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus suppy?
the muscles of the pharynx and the soft palate
What muscles receive their motor supply from the spinal part of the accessory nerve?
1) Trapezius
2) Sternocleidomastoid
What nerve gives motor supply to the tongue?
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
The hypoglossal nerve originates from where and exits through the skull from which opening int eh skull?
- It originates from the M.O.
- It exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal
The hypoglossal loops downward and forward, deep to what muscle?
It is deep to the posterior belly and intermediate tendon of digastric
What are the branches of the hypoglossal nerve?
1) Meningeal branches
2) Superior root of the ansa cervicalis
3) Nerves to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid
4) Lingual branches
What is supplied by the meningeal branches of the hyopglossal nerve?
Sensory innervation to the Dura Mater
The superior root of the ansa cervicalis consists mainly of fibers from which spinal level?
C1
The superior root of the ansa cervicalis (C1) unites with the inferior root (C2, C3) for give motor innervation to what muscles?
3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles
1) Sternohyoid
2) Sternothyroid
3) Omohyoid
The nerves to thyrohyoird and geniohyoid consist of fibers from what spinal level?
C1
Which branch of the hyopglossal nerve supplies motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Lingual Branches
Where does the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk begin?
At the base of the skull
T/F: preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that supply the head and neck originate from C1 through C3.
False: Preganglionic Sympathetic fibers, and they originate from T1 to T3
Postganglionic fibers of the cervical part of the sympathetic trunk form ganglia which innervate waht stuctures?
1) Blood Vessels
2) Smooth Muscles
3) Glands
all of the head and neck
What are teh major branches of teh sympathetic ganglia?
1) Superior cervical ganglion
2) Middle cervical ganglion
3) Vertebral ganglion
4) Cervocothoracic (Stellate) ganglion
Teh superior cervical ganglion lies at what spinal levels?
C1-C3, just below the base of the skull
Waht are teh branches of the superior cervical ganglion?
1) Internal Carotid Nerve
2) Superior Cervical Cardiac Nerve
3) Branches to Pharyngeal Plexus
The internal carotid nerve accompanies what other structure into the cranial vault?
Internal Carotid Artery
What does the internal carotid nerve give innervation to?
Sympathetic innervation to everything within the skull
T/F: The middle cervical ganglion is much larger when compared to the superior.
False: It is much smaller
What is the major branch of the middle cervical ganglion ?
Middle Cervical Cardiac Nerve (to the cardiac plexus)
The middle cervical ganglion lies at which cervical spine level?
C6
Because the vertebral ganglion is variable, it is often fused with which cervical ganglion
either the middle OR inferior cervical ganglion
The vertebral ganglion lies at spine level and gives of a branch to where?
_C7
-It gives of a branch tot eh plexus along the vertebral artery
The Cervicothoracic ganglion travels with what pother major structure of the upper extremity?
Brachial Plexus
What does the cervicothoracis ganglion give innervation to?
It supplies the upper extremity with sympathetic innervation
The cervicothoracic ganglion lies at what spinal levels?
C7-T1
The cervicothoracic ganglion is located posterior to what struture?
Vertebral artery
The cervicothoracic ganglion lies anterior to what structure?
The transverse process of C7 and the neck of the 1st rib
What major structure does the Ansa Subclavia loop anterior to?
Subclavian Artery
What does the ansa subclavia connect?
It connects the vertebral and cervicothoracic ganglia together
