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Orthopaedics > Nerves & Dermatomes > Flashcards

Nerves & Dermatomes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 nerves of the upper limb?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Long thoracic nerve

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2
Q

Which nerve roots supply the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-C7

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3
Q

Which nerve roots supply the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

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4
Q

Which nerve roots supply the radial nerve?

A

C5-C8

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5
Q

Which nerve roots supply the median nerve?

A

C6, C8, and T1

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6
Q

Which nerve roots supply the ulnar nerve?

A

C8 and T1

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7
Q

Which nerve roots supply the long thoracic nerve?

A

C5-C7

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the motor function for elbow flexion (through the biceps brachii) and supination, aswell as sensation for the lateral part of the forearm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

Which nerve supplies the motor function of the deltoid muscle for shoulder abduction, aswell as sensation to the inferior region of the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

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10
Q

By which mechanism is an axillary nerve injury sustained?

A

Humeral neck fracture/dislocation

Results in a flattened deltoid muscle.

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11
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the median nerve?

A

Lateral two lumbricals
Opponens pollis
Abductor pollis brevis
Flexor pollis brevis

Think ‘LOAF’.

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12
Q

How may a median nerve injury site differentiated between the wrist and elbow?

A

If at the wrist, there will be paralysis of thenar muscles and opponens pollicis.

If at the elbow, there will be loss of pronation, loss of forearm flexion, and weak wrist flexion.

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13
Q

What area of the body is supplied sensation by the median nerve?

A

The palmar aspect of the lateral 3.5 fingers.

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14
Q

What nerve is responsible for the motor function for wrist flexion, and sensation to the medial 1.5 fingers of the hand?

A

Ulnar nerve

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15
Q

Injury to which nerve will result in a wrist drop?

A

Radial nerve

Often results in a humeral midshaft fracture.

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16
Q

Which nerve may be impacted by a medial epicondyle fracture?

A

Ulnar nerve

Damage may result in a ‘claw hand’.

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies motor function to serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

Damage results in a winged scapula.

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18
Q

How may long thoracic nerve injury present?

A

Sport - following a blow to the ribs.
Following mastectomy

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19
Q

Which shoulder injury may result from shoulder dystocia?

A

Erb-Duchenne’s Palsy

Due to damage of the brachial plexus at C5, C6.

Arm will hang by the side, internally rotated, with the elbow extended.

20
Q

Which nerve palsy is associated with Horner’s syndrome?

A

Klumpke injury

Due to damage of the brachial plexus at C8, T1.

21
Q

What are the 3 dermatomes of the hand?

A

C6 (thumb and index finger)
C7 (middle finger and palm of hand)
C8 (ring and little finger)

22
Q

What area is the T4 dermatome located at?

A

Nipple

23
Q

What area is the T6 dermatome located at?

A

Xiphoid process

24
Q

What area is the T10 dermatome located at?

A

Umbilicus

25
Q

What area is the L1 dermatome located at?

A

Inguinal ligament

26
Q

What area is the L4 dermatome located at?

A

Knee cap

27
Q

What area is the L5 dermatome located at?

A

Big toe
Dorsum of the foot

28
Q

What area is the S1 dermatome located at?

A

Small toe
Lateral foot

29
Q

What are the 7 nerves of the lower limb?

A

Femoral nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve
Obturator nerve
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve

30
Q

Which nerve supplies motor function for knee extension and thigh flexion, aswell as sensation to the anterior and medial aspects of the thigh and lower legs?

A

Femoral nerve

31
Q

What form of injuries may result in femoral nerve damage?

A

Hip and pelvic fractures
Stab/Gunshot wounds

32
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the motor aspect of thigh adduction, aswell as providing sensation to the medial thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

33
Q

Which nerve does NOT provide any motor function to the lower limb?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

34
Q

What areas are provided sensory function by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

Lateral and posterior surfaces of the thigh.

35
Q

Which condition is associated with lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh compression?

A

Meralgia paraesthetica

Results from compression near the ASIS.

36
Q

What motor functions are provided by the tibial nerve?

A

Foot plantarflexion and inversion.

37
Q

Which area is provided sensation by the tibial nerve?

A

Sole of the foot.

38
Q

What sensory function is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

None

39
Q

What nerve is responsible for hip extension and lateral rotation?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

40
Q

What sensory function is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

None

41
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

42
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is most commonly injured?

A

Supraspinatus

43
Q

What is the role of supraspinatus?

A

Abducts the arm before the deltoid.

44
Q

What is the role of the infraspinatus?

A

Rotates the arm laterally.

45
Q

What is the role of teres minor?

A

Adducts the arm, and rotates the arm laterally.

46
Q

What is the role of subscapularis?

A

Adducts the arm, and rotates the arm medially.

47
Q
A

Orthopaedics (13 decks)

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