Nerves Flashcards
The Nervous system is organized into the _______ Nervous system and the __________ Nervous System.
Central; Peripheral
The central nervous system is composed of the _____ and the ______ ____
brain; spinal cord
What nervous system is the “middleman” network of motor and sensory fibers that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body?
Peripheral
What nervous system regulates all bodily functions and responds to external stimuli?
Central
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are part of the _________ nervous system, which is a part of the __________ nervous system.
Autonomic; Peripheral
What nervous system is involved in control of the glands, blood vessels and viscera?
Autonomic
The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the _________ and ________ nervous systems which govern the involuntary and voluntary processes respectively.
autonomic; somatic
What are the three “C’s” that describe nervous system function?
Coordinate
Communicate
Control
What part of the autonomic nervous system stimulates the “fight or flight” response?
Sympathetic
What part of the autonomic nervous system stimulates “rest and digest” functions?
Parasympathetic
What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
Neurons
What are the three functional groups of neurons?
Sensory neurons
Motor (efferent) neurons
Interneurons (association neurons)
What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon (with Myelin sheath)
Approximately how many neurons are in a human brain?
100 billion
What structure is associated with a neuron’s conductability?
The Axon
What are the two basic properties of neurons?
Excitability, the capacity to respond to stimuli
Conductability, the capacity to communicate impulses.
What structure is associated with excitability?
The dendrites, which transmit impulses to the neuron.
Synapse
The junction between any two neurons or a neuron an an end organ.
Another word for sensory input
Afferent
Another word for motor output
Efferent
Integration
Interpreting incoming sensory information and sending out instructions in the form of motor responses.
How much of our sensory input is through the eyes?
70%
Why do we have reflexes?
To speed up our response to stimuli by using the spinal cord to process a hard wired response.
The spinal cord controls our ______responses.
Reflex
The Sciatic nerve branches into what two nerves in the popliteal region?
Common Peroneal nerve
Tibial Nerve
Cranial Nerve 1
Olfactory nerve
Cranial Nerve 2
Optic nerve
Cranial nerve 4
Trochlear Nerve
Cranial Nerve 5
Trigeminal Nerve
Cranial Nerve 6
Abducent nerve (for lateral eye movement)
Cranial nerve 7
Facial nerve
Cranial nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal nerve (mixed nerve that senses taste, controls salivation and swallowing)
Cranial Nerve 10
Vagus nerve (the main parasympathetic nerve that innervates the digestive organs, thymus, lungs)
Cranial Nerve 11
Spinal accessory nerve (motor nerve that innervates SCM and Trapezius)
Cranial Nerve 12
Hypoglossal nerve (motor nerve to tongue, controls speech)
Nerve plexus (pl. plexi)
A bundle of intersecting nerves that originate from multiple spinal roots
Why do nerve plexi contain fibers from different spinal roots?
To create redundant in case of injury
Cranial Nerve 3
Oculomotor nerve
The Cervical plexus originates from which vertebra?
C1-C5
The names of the body’s four nerve plexi
Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Sacral plexus
Lumbar plexus
