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Kinesiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Three portions of a neuron

A

Cell body
Axon
Dendrite

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2
Q

The Nervous system is organized into the _______ Nervous system and the __________ Nervous System.

A

Central; Peripheral

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3
Q

The central nervous system is composed of the _____ and the ______ ____

A

Brain; spinal cord

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4
Q

The peripheral nervous system is organized into the what two smaller nervous systems?

A

Autonomic; Somatic

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5
Q

The Autonomic nervous system is organized into what two systems?

A

Parasympathetic; Sympathetic

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory nerve

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A

Optic nerve

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve 5

A

Trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve 7

A

Facial Nerve

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve 8

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve 10

A

Vagus nerve (the main parasympathetic nerve that inner bates the digestive organs, thymus, lungs)

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve 11

A

Spinal accessory nerve (motor nerve that innervates SCM and Trapezius)

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13
Q

Which major nerves stem from the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C5

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14
Q

Which major nerves stem from the Brachial Plexus?

A 
C5 - T2
Radial Nerve (C5-T1)
Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)
Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-7)
Median Nerve (C6-T1)
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15
Q

Which major nerves stem from the Lumbar Plexus?

A 
L1-L5
Femoral nerve (L2-4)
Obturator nerve (l2-4)
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16
Q

Which major nerves stem from the Sacral Plexus?

A

L4-S5
Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)
Common Peroneal Nerve (L4-S2)

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17
Q

The radial nerve stems from which plexus and from which spinal segments?

A

Brachial Plexus

C1-T1

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18
Q

The Musculocutaneous Nerve stems from which plexus and from what spinal segments?

A

brachial plexus

C5-7

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19
Q

The Ulnar Nerve stems from which plexus and from what spinal segments?

A

Brachial Plexus

C8, T1

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20
Q

The median nerve stems from which plexus and from what spinal segments?

A

Brachial plexus

C6-T1

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21
Q

The Femoral nerve stems from which plexus and from what spinal segments?

A

Lumbar plexus

L2-4

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22
Q

The Obturator nerve stems from which plexus and from what spinal segments?

A

Lumbar plexus

L2-4

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23
Q

The Sciatic nerve stems from which plexus and from what spinal segments?

A

Sacral plexus

L4-S3

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24
Q

The Tibial Nerve stems from which plexus and from what spinal segments?

A 
Sacral plexus (because it branches out from the sciatic nerve)
L4-S3
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25
Q

The Common Peroneal Nerve stems from which plexus and spinal segments?

A 
Sacral plexus (because it branches out from the sciatic nerve)
L4-S3
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26
Q

What do muscle spindle cells do?

A

Monitor the stretch of a muscle and its rate of change in length

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27
Q

What do Golgi tendon organs do?

A

Detect and help the body respond to changes in muscle tension

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28
Q

What do Ruffini’s end organs do?

A

Detect slow changes in the position of a joint

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29
Q

What are the four main kinds of proprioceptors?

A

Muscle spindle cells
Golgi tendon organs
Ruffini’s end organs
Pacinian corpuscles

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30
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition

A

Muscles on one side a joint relax to accommodate contraction on the other side

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31
Q

Biomechanics

A

The mechanical principles that directly relate to the body

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32
Q

Statics

A

Aspects of nonmoving (or virtually nonmoving) systems

33
Q

Dynamics

A

Aspects of moving systems

34
Q

Osteokinematics

A

The movement of bones around joint axes

35
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

The small, generally unseen movements occurring between the articulating surfaces of joints

36
Q

Force

A

Any influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change

37
Q

Inertia

A

An object’s resistance to a change in its state of motion or rest

38
Q

Mass

A

The quantity of matter in an object

39
Q

Torque

A

A force that involves rotation of an object around an axis

40
Q

Momentum

A

The product of mass and velocity

41
Q

Velocity

A

An object’s rate of change in position

42
Q

Lever

A

A simple machine that can amplify an applied force (effort) by converting it into torque

43
Q

What are the three types of levers?

A 
First class (Muscle-Joint-Load)
Second class (Muscle-Load-Joint)
Third class (Joint-Muscle-Load)
44
Q

What is the function of a first class lever?

A

To balance power vs. speed and range of motion. It increases power (but as much as a second class lever) in exchange for speed/range of motion (but does not sacrifice as much as a second class lever).

45
Q

What is the function of a second class lever?

A

To maximize power in exchange for speed and range of motion

46
Q

What is the function of a third class lever?

A

To increase speed and range of motion in exchange for power.

47
Q

Through what five points does the body’s line of gravity run?

A

Ear, shoulder, hip, knee, ankle

48
Q

Does the line of gravity run through the center of the shoulder joint, anterior or posterior?

A

Slightly anterior (greater trochanter))

49
Q

Does the line of gravity run through the center of the hip joint, anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

50
Q

Does the line of gravity run through the center of knee, anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

51
Q

Does the line of gravity run through the center of the ankle, anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior

52
Q

The myofascial core includes which diaphragms?

A

Respiratory, Abdominal, Pelvic

53
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

pelvic diaphragm group, deep perineum group, urogenital group

54
Q

What are the muscles of the abdominal diaphragm? And what the facial tissue are they connected to?

A

Abdominis rectus, transverse Abdominis, internal and external obliques, pyramidalis all connect to the thoracolumbar aponeurosis and lines alba

55
Q

The myofascial core is held up by what group of postural supporters?

A

The mutifidi

56
Q

What is the primary muscle of the respiratory diaphragm?

A

The diaphragm muscle

57
Q

________-_______ posture occurs when the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis weaken and the pelvic bowl tilts forward.

A

Kyphotic-Lordotic

58
Q

The _______ ______ involves excessive flex ion of the thoracic spine. This
Posture causes the head to hyper extend in order to remain level.

A

rounded back

59
Q

When _________ posture the pelvis tilts posteriorly, the lumbar spine flattens and the thoracic spine becomes hyperkyphotic

A

Swayback

60
Q

Any sideways deviation of the spine is called ________.

A

Scoliosis

61
Q

Genu Valgum is also known as ____ ____

A

Knock knee (think of knees stuck together by the gum in “valgum”)

62
Q

Genu Varum is also known as _________

A

Bowlegged

63
Q

With genu valgum which muscles are tight and which are taut?

A

Taut TFL, Gluteus Maximus, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris

Tight vastus medialis, gracilis, sartorius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

64
Q

How many “moments” are there to observe in the two phases of gait?

A

8

65
Q

What are the 5 moments of the stance phase?

A 
Heel strike
Foot flat
Midstance
Heel-off
Toe-off
66
Q

What are the 3 moments of the swing phase?

A

Acceleration
Midswing
Deceleration

67
Q

If client has an inappropriate Stance Phase, what muscles are likely implicated?

A

Iliopsoas
Sartorious
Hamstrings
Plantar Flexion

68
Q

A gait in which the trunk is pulled posteriorly is caused by weakness in what muscle?

A

Gluteus Maximus

69
Q

A gait in which one side of the body leans during its stance phase while the opposite leg dips farther than normal at the beginning of the swing phase

A

Trendelenburg gait or gluteus medeus gait

70
Q

A gait in which the body leans forward during the beginning of the stance phase is caused by weakness in the __________

A

Quadriceps

71
Q

A gait in which the hips and the entire side of the body swing forward together, while the arm songs back, is called a ________ gait

A

Waddling

72
Q

What two things occur if your hamstrings don’t sufficiently engage during gait?

A
  1. Genu recurvatum (knee hyperextends)

2. Insufficient deceleration causes knee to snap into extension

73
Q

In what type of gait do toes strike first? This is cause by weak ___________

A 
Equinus gait
Weak dorsiflexirs (tibiais anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius)
74
Q

A fused hip results in ___-_______ gait. What are the main features of this gait?

A

Bell-clapper gait, which features excessive pelvic anterior and posterior tilting as well as flexion/extension of the lumbar spine during gait.

75
Q

Someone who is unable to fully extend the hip during he mid stance and toe-off phases suffers from __ ______ ______ and will lean the trunk forward to compensate.

A

Hip flexion contracture

76
Q

A knee fused in extension results in what possible kinds of gaits to compensate?

A

Vaulting gait
Circumducted gait
Hike hip superiorly

77
Q

What type of gait features a lack of coordination and jerky movements due to damage of the cerebellum?

A

Ataxic gait

78
Q

Some motor control conditions like Cerebral Palsy cause ______ gait, which usually features chronic flexion of hips and knees

A

Crouch

79
Q

In hemiplegic gait the hip is _________, ________ and _________ rotated while the knee is _________ and the ankle_______.

A

extended, adducted, medially
extended
everted

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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