Connective Tissue

Question 1

What is an Aponeurosis?

Answer 1

A broad, flat tendon

Question 2

What is an Interosseous Membrane?

Answer 2

Stabilizing fibrous sheet that bind together bones and serve as attachment sites for muscles

Question 3

What is a Retinaculum?

Answer 3

A band of connective tissue that encircles joints to bind and stabilize the tendons that cross them

Question 4

What does a Joint Capsule do?

Answer 4

Covers the joint with dense connective tissue to provide stability and containment

Question 5

Define Septum

Answer 5

Facial sheets that separate various muscles of the extremities

Question 6

What are the 5 types of bone?

Answer 6

Long ( e.g femur, humerus)
Short ( e.g carpals)
Flat ( e.g sternum, ilium)
Sesamoid (embedded in a tendon, e.g. patella, hyoid)
Irregular (sphenoid, vertebrae)

Question 7

What are the 5 structural types of connective tissue?

Answer 7

Liquid (90% water)
Loose (a few fibers in the ground substance)
Dense (a lot of fibers in a little ground substance)
Cartilaginous
Osseous (in bone with mineral salts for stiffness)

Question 8

What is Wolff’s Law?

Answer 8

Bone tissue becomes stronger, due to the piezoelectric effect, under stress and weakens if not stressed.

Question 9

Define Stretch

Answer 9

The ability to lengthen without being damaged or injured

Question 10

Define Plasticity

Answer 10

The capacity to be altered and retain that new configuration

Question 11

Define Elasticity

Answer 11

A muscle’s ability to return to its original shape and length after it is shortened or lengthened

Question 12

Define Creep

Answer 12

A gradual change in shape that occurs when tissues are subjected to slow, continuous force from either compression, tension or twisting

Question 13

Define Thixotropic

Answer 13

Responsive to changes in temperature (or other disturbances such as pressure) by transforming from a gel to a liquid and vice versa.

Question 14

What is the piezoelectric effect?

Answer 14

The production of electricity or electrical polarity by applying a mechanical stress to crystals. In the body when stress is applied to tissue molecules shift, producing an electrical charge. These electrical signals stimulate nearby cells too produce fibers. This causes the intercellular matrix to reorganize along the lines of piezoelectric stress.

Question 15

Define Tensile Strength

Answer 15

The ability to be pulled in two different directions without damage

Question 16

What are the two basic types of functional connective tissue?

Answer 16

Compression (weight bearing) tissues - bones and cartilage

Tension (suspension) tissues - fascia, tendons, ligaments, etc.

Question 17

What connective tissue blends the properties of rubber and plastic?

Answer 17

Cartilage

Question 18

Define Cartilage

Answer 18

A sense web of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a gelatinous ground substance

Question 19

What portion is the main ingredient of connective tissue in tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, intervertebral discs and more?

Answer 19

Collagen

Question 20

The more collagen in an area of the body, the more _______ it is but the less ______ it is

Answer 20

Stable, mobile

Question 21

When you stop moving a part of your body, it adapts by laying down _______ fibers to increase stability.

Answer 21

Collagen

Question 22

What are the 8 properties of connective tissue?

Answer 22

Stretch
Elasticity
Plasticity
Creep
Thixotropy
Tensile Strength
Colloidal
Piezoelectric Effect

Question 23

What are the three basic types of Tension tissue?

Answer 23

Sheets (Deep fasciae, Aponeuroses, Retinacula,septa, muscle envelopes)

Cables (tendons and ligaments)

Sift (superficial fascia, periosteum)

Question 24

Where can you find fibrocartilage in the body?

Answer 24

Intervertebral disks, menisci of the knee, labra of the shoulders, acetabula of the hips

Question 25

Where is elastic cartilage in the body?

Answer 25

External ears, Eustachian tubes, epiglottis

Question 26

Where is Hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 26

On the articulating surfaces of bones.

Question 27

What is the most abundant form of cartilage in the body?

Answer 27

Hyaline, aka articular cartilage

Question 28

What form of cartilage has the most tensile strength?

Answer 28

Fibrocartilage

Question 29

Connective Tissue is composed of which two basic ingredients?

Answer 29

Cells and the extracellular matrix

Question 30

What protein fiber plays a critical role in connective tissue's ability to provide functional and structural integrity?

Answer 30

Collagen

Question 31

What property of connective tissue has the capacity to altered and then retain that new configuration?

Answer 31

Plasticity

Question 32

Like plaster, thick mud or whipped cream, connective tissues are composed of solid particles (cells) suspended in fluid (extracellular matrix). The term for this type of configuration is _______.

Answer 32

Colloidal

Question 33

What are two properties of colloidal substances that affect bodywork?

Answer 33

Flexibility and virtual incompressibility These properties combine to increase resistance the faster force is applied. Connective tissue will yield to slow, gentle massage due to its flexibility but will resist fast, high pressure work due to its incompressibility.