Nerves Flashcards
What is the function of V2?
Sensory nerve: caries information to the brain.
What nerve does V2 and V3 originate from?
Trigeminal Nerve = Cranial Nerve 5
Where is V2 found?
Foramen Rotundum of the Middle cranial fossa.
What nerves are branches of V2?
Hint: Zebra Images Always Make Pretty Pictures Great Lovely and Natural
Zygomatic nerve Infraorbital nerve ASA MSA PSA Pterygopalatine ganglion Greater palatine Lesser palatine Nasopalatine
What is the function of the zygomatic nerve?
Sensory for…
Lacrimal Gland
Skin of Cheek
Temporal Area
Where is the zygomatic nerve located?
Enters pterygopalatine fossa
What is the function of the infraorbital nerve?
It is a direct continuation of V2.
What foramen does the infraorbital nerve pass through?
Infraorbital foramen
What nerves branch from the infraorbital nerve just before it enters the infraorbital foramen?
ASA and MSA
What does the ASA supply?
The maxillary anterior teeth
What does the MSA supply?
The maxillary premolars and the mesial buccal root of the first molar.
What is the function of the PSA nerve?
It supplies the maxillary molars except for the mesial buccal root of the 1st molar.
Where does the PSA arise from?
It arises after the pterygopalatine ganglion
What branches from the Pterygopalatine ganglion of V2?
Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
What is the first branch of V2?
The pterygopalatine ganglion
What does the greater palatine nerve supply?
Posterior palatal gingiva (stops at midline) from up to the canines on either side of the maxilla.
What does the lesser palatine nerve supply?
The area posterior to its foramen.
What teeth define posterior palatal tissue?
Teeth #1-#5
What does the nasopalatine nerve supply?
Anterior palatal tissues
What teeth define the anterior palatal tissues?
Teeth #6-#11(does not stop at midline)
What other nerve does the nasopalatine nerve anastomose with after dropping through the incisive foramen?
Greater palatine nerve.
Where is V3 located?
Foramen Ovale
What are the motor branches of V3?
Temporal nerve Masseteric nerve Medial and Lateral pterygoid nerves Mylohyoid nerve Tensor Vali Teni
What are the sensory branches of V3?
Hint: Being A Little Idiot Maybe Ideal
Buccal nerve Auriculotemporal nerve Lingual nerve Inferior alveolar nerve Mental Nerve Incisive Nerve
What is the major difference between Maxillary and Mandibular nerves?
In the maxillae whatever nerve took care of the tooth took care of the buccal tissue but in the mandible there is a division of labor.
What does the buccal nerve supply?
Buccal mucosa and gingiva associated with the mandibular molars.
What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
Ear and skin surrounding the ear.
What nerve can be affected accidentally when trying to give a Mandibular block?
Auriculotemporal causing the ear to go numb.
What does the lingual nerve supply?
Body of the tongue, floor of the mouth, lingual mandibular gingiva.
What does the Inferior Alveolar nerve supply?
The mandibular molar teeth.
Where is the inferior alveolar nerve located?
Between the ramus and sphenomandibular ligament.
What does the mental nerve supply?
Facial soft tissues and buccal mucosa from the foramen moving anteriorly.
What does the incisive nerve supply?
2nd pre-molar moving anteriorly along with buccal gingiva and peridontum.
What nerves branch from the Inferior Alveolar nerve?
Incisive nerve
Mental nerve
Which branch of the Inferior Alveolar nerve is considered a direct continuation of the IA?
Incisive nerve
What nerve is considered to be the terminal branch of the IA?
Incisive nerve
What are the two main divisions of V3?
Anterior (mostly motor)
Posterior (mostly sensory)
What nerves are associated with the Anterior division of V3?
Masseteric
Anterior/Posterior Deep Temporal Nerves
Medial/Lateral Pterygoid
Buccal Nerve
Out of the Anterior V3 nerves which one is not motor?
Buccal nerve
Which of the divisions of V3 is bigger?
Posterior
What nerves are associated with the posterior (sensory) division of V3?
Auricular Temporal
Lingual
Inferior Alveolar
Mylohyoid
Which nerve associated with the posterior (sensory) nerves of V3 is not sensory?
Mylohyoid (motor)
What is the CNS made up of?
The brian and spinal chord
What is the Peripheral Nervous System composed of?
Spinal and Cranial nerves.
What is another term for sensory?
afferent
What is another term for motor?
efferent
What do sensory neurons do?
Deliver information to the CNS.
What do motor neurons do?
Receive information from the CNS
Where do the spinal nerves exit?
Exit from the spinal cord.
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the cervical region?
7
How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the thoracic region?
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the lumbar region?
7
How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the sacral region?
5
What system within the PNS operates without conscious control?
Autonomic Nervous System
What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic nervous system
How do you describe the relationship between the two divisions of the ANS (autonomic nervous system)?
Antagonistic; Their functions are opposite but they can be expressed at the same time.
What is the common description used to explain the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight or Flight
What is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?
norepinephrine
In the sympathetic response what functions increase?
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Pupil Dilation
Bronchodialation
In the sympathetic response what functions are decreased?
GI motility
Salivary Secretions
The parasympathetic nervous system is known as what type of response?
Reparative Response
What is the neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic response?
Acetylcholine
What physiologic changes are increased with the parasympathetic response?
GI motility
Salivary secretions
What physiologic changes are decreased with the parasympathetic response?
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Pupil Constriction
Bronchoconstriction
Where does the sympathetic response arise from?
The thoracic and lumbar regions.
Where does the parasympathetic response arise from?
The sacral region and cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
What two cranial nerves supply salivary production?
Cranial nerves VII and XI
Where do the cranial nerves arise from?
They arise directly from the brain through foramina or fissures.
How are the cranial nerves designated?
Roman numerals I-XII
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
Hint: Out On Olympus, Towering Top, A Fin And German Veiwed Some Hops
Olfactory Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Acoustic Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossus
What cranial nerve can be affected by whiplash?
Hint: there is a loss of smell as a result
Cranial nerve I, Olfactory nerve
What is the function of the Olfactory Nerve?
Smell
Where is cranial nerve I located?
Anterior cranial fossa.
Fibers travel through the cribiform plate.
What is the function of cranial nerve II?
Sight/Vision
Where is the optic nerve located?
Optic canal to the posterior globe at the apex of the orbit.
Why are we considered to be predators?
We have depth perception; we see one thing from 2 vantage points.
What is the function of the Oculomotor nerve?
Extra-occular movement
Where is cranial nerve III located?
Superior Orbital Fissure
True or False; motor nerves tend to be small.
True
True or False; sensory nerves tend to be large.
True
What is the function of cranial nerve IV?
Extra-occular movement
Where is the Trochlear nerve located?
Superior Orbital Fissure
What are the three main divisions of the Trigeminal nerve?
V1 - opthalmic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandibular
What nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves?
Trigeminal; cranial nerve V
What is the function of the opthalmic branch of cranial nerve V?
Sensory to the forehead region.
Where is the opthalmic branch of cranial nerve V located?
Superior Orbital Fissure
What are the three main sensory branches of the opthalmic nerve of Cranial Nerve V?
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasocillary
True or False; Dental hygienists should often stimulate the opthalmic nerve of Cranial nerve V.
False
What is the function of cranial nerve VI?
Extra-occular movement
Where is the Abducen nerve located?
Superior Orbital Fissure
What cranial nerve is associated with an overactive lateral rectus? (AKA lazy eye)
Abducens = cranial nerve VI
What is the function of the Facial Nerve?
Sensory and Motor
Where is cranial nerve VII located?
Stylomastoid foramen
Where does the facial nerve branch?
Praotid gland
When are the five branches of the Facial Nerve?
Hint: Two Zebras Bit My Cat or Hand to Face
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal Mandibular Cervical
What is the function of cranial nerve VIII?
Hearing & Equilibrium
Where is the Acoustic nerve located?
Internal acoustic meatus
What are two other names for cranial nerve VIII?
Vestibular Choclear
Acoustic Vestibular
What is the MOTOR function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?
Muscles of the soft palate, parotid gland, and middle ear.
What is the SENSORY function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Where is cranial nerve IX located?
Exits through the jugular foramen
Which cranial nerve covers the greatest area?
Vegas nerve
What is the function of cranial nerve X?
Most smooth muscles of the body, cardiac muscles and glands.
Where is the Vagus nerve located?
Exits through the jugular foramen
When a patient is asked to say “ahh” what cranial nerve is being tested?
Cranial nerve X; Vagus nerve
What is the function of cranial nerve XI?
Trapezius and SCM muscles
Where is the Spinal Acessory nerve located?
Exits through the jugular foramen.
What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve?
Tongue muscles and contributes to the trapezius, scm, soft palate, and pharynx.
Where is cranial nerve XII located?
Hypoglossal Canal
For the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, what nerve supplies general sensation (temperature and pain)?
V3, the mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve
For the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, what nerve supplies taste?
Chorda tympani of the Facial Nerve
For the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, what nerve supplies taste?
Cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal
Which cranial nerves are sensory and which are motor?
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