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Head & Neck Anatomy > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

0
Q

What is the function of V2?

A

Sensory nerve: caries information to the brain.

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1
Q

What nerve does V2 and V3 originate from?

A

Trigeminal Nerve = Cranial Nerve 5

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2
Q

Where is V2 found?

A

Foramen Rotundum of the Middle cranial fossa.

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3
Q

What nerves are branches of V2?

Hint: Zebra Images Always Make Pretty Pictures Great Lovely and Natural

A 
Zygomatic nerve
Infraorbital nerve
ASA
MSA
PSA
Pterygopalatine ganglion 
Greater palatine
Lesser palatine
Nasopalatine
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4
Q

What is the function of the zygomatic nerve?

A

Sensory for…
Lacrimal Gland
Skin of Cheek
Temporal Area

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5
Q

Where is the zygomatic nerve located?

A

Enters pterygopalatine fossa

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6
Q

What is the function of the infraorbital nerve?

A

It is a direct continuation of V2.

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7
Q

What foramen does the infraorbital nerve pass through?

A

Infraorbital foramen

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8
Q

What nerves branch from the infraorbital nerve just before it enters the infraorbital foramen?

A

ASA and MSA

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9
Q

What does the ASA supply?

A

The maxillary anterior teeth

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10
Q

What does the MSA supply?

A

The maxillary premolars and the mesial buccal root of the first molar.

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11
Q

What is the function of the PSA nerve?

A

It supplies the maxillary molars except for the mesial buccal root of the 1st molar.

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12
Q

Where does the PSA arise from?

A

It arises after the pterygopalatine ganglion

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13
Q

What branches from the Pterygopalatine ganglion of V2?

A

Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve

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14
Q

What is the first branch of V2?

A

The pterygopalatine ganglion

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15
Q

What does the greater palatine nerve supply?

A

Posterior palatal gingiva (stops at midline) from up to the canines on either side of the maxilla.

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16
Q

What does the lesser palatine nerve supply?

A

The area posterior to its foramen.

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17
Q

What teeth define posterior palatal tissue?

A

Teeth #1-#5

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18
Q

What does the nasopalatine nerve supply?

A

Anterior palatal tissues

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19
Q

What teeth define the anterior palatal tissues?

A

Teeth #6-#11(does not stop at midline)

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20
Q

What other nerve does the nasopalatine nerve anastomose with after dropping through the incisive foramen?

A

Greater palatine nerve.

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21
Q

Where is V3 located?

A

Foramen Ovale

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22
Q

What are the motor branches of V3?

A 
Temporal nerve
Masseteric nerve
Medial and Lateral pterygoid nerves
Mylohyoid nerve
Tensor Vali Teni
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23
Q

What are the sensory branches of V3?

Hint: Being A Little Idiot Maybe Ideal

A 
Buccal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental Nerve
Incisive Nerve
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24
Q

What is the major difference between Maxillary and Mandibular nerves?

A

In the maxillae whatever nerve took care of the tooth took care of the buccal tissue but in the mandible there is a division of labor.

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25
Q

What does the buccal nerve supply?

A

Buccal mucosa and gingiva associated with the mandibular molars.

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26
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A

Ear and skin surrounding the ear.

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27
Q

What nerve can be affected accidentally when trying to give a Mandibular block?

A

Auriculotemporal causing the ear to go numb.

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28
Q

What does the lingual nerve supply?

A

Body of the tongue, floor of the mouth, lingual mandibular gingiva.

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29
Q

What does the Inferior Alveolar nerve supply?

A

The mandibular molar teeth.

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30
Q

Where is the inferior alveolar nerve located?

A

Between the ramus and sphenomandibular ligament.

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31
Q

What does the mental nerve supply?

A

Facial soft tissues and buccal mucosa from the foramen moving anteriorly.

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32
Q

What does the incisive nerve supply?

A

2nd pre-molar moving anteriorly along with buccal gingiva and peridontum.

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33
Q

What nerves branch from the Inferior Alveolar nerve?

A

Incisive nerve

Mental nerve

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34
Q

Which branch of the Inferior Alveolar nerve is considered a direct continuation of the IA?

A

Incisive nerve

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35
Q

What nerve is considered to be the terminal branch of the IA?

A

Incisive nerve

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36
Q

What are the two main divisions of V3?

A

Anterior (mostly motor)

Posterior (mostly sensory)

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37
Q

What nerves are associated with the Anterior division of V3?

A

Masseteric
Anterior/Posterior Deep Temporal Nerves
Medial/Lateral Pterygoid
Buccal Nerve

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38
Q

Out of the Anterior V3 nerves which one is not motor?

A

Buccal nerve

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39
Q

Which of the divisions of V3 is bigger?

A

Posterior

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40
Q

What nerves are associated with the posterior (sensory) division of V3?

A

Auricular Temporal
Lingual
Inferior Alveolar
Mylohyoid

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41
Q

Which nerve associated with the posterior (sensory) nerves of V3 is not sensory?

A

Mylohyoid (motor)

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42
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

The brian and spinal chord

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43
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System composed of?

A

Spinal and Cranial nerves.

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44
Q

What is another term for sensory?

A

afferent

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45
Q

What is another term for motor?

A

efferent

46
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Deliver information to the CNS.

47
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

Receive information from the CNS

48
Q

Where do the spinal nerves exit?

A

Exit from the spinal cord.

49
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

50
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the cervical region?

A

7

51
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the thoracic region?

A

12

52
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the lumbar region?

A

7

53
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the sacral region?

A

5

54
Q

What system within the PNS operates without conscious control?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

55
Q

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic nervous system

56
Q

How do you describe the relationship between the two divisions of the ANS (autonomic nervous system)?

A

Antagonistic; Their functions are opposite but they can be expressed at the same time.

57
Q

What is the common description used to explain the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or Flight

58
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

norepinephrine

59
Q

In the sympathetic response what functions increase?

A

Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Pupil Dilation
Bronchodialation

60
Q

In the sympathetic response what functions are decreased?

A

GI motility

Salivary Secretions

61
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is known as what type of response?

A

Reparative Response

62
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic response?

A

Acetylcholine

63
Q

What physiologic changes are increased with the parasympathetic response?

A

GI motility

Salivary secretions

64
Q

What physiologic changes are decreased with the parasympathetic response?

A

Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Pupil Constriction
Bronchoconstriction

65
Q

Where does the sympathetic response arise from?

A

The thoracic and lumbar regions.

66
Q

Where does the parasympathetic response arise from?

A

The sacral region and cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X

67
Q

What two cranial nerves supply salivary production?

A

Cranial nerves VII and XI

68
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise from?

A

They arise directly from the brain through foramina or fissures.

69
Q

How are the cranial nerves designated?

A

Roman numerals I-XII

71
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

Hint: Out On Olympus, Towering Top, A Fin And German Veiwed Some Hops

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal 
Abducens
Facial
Acoustic
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossus
72
Q

What cranial nerve can be affected by whiplash?

Hint: there is a loss of smell as a result

A

Cranial nerve I, Olfactory nerve

73
Q

What is the function of the Olfactory Nerve?

A

Smell

74
Q

Where is cranial nerve I located?

A

Anterior cranial fossa.

Fibers travel through the cribiform plate.

75
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve II?

A

Sight/Vision

76
Q

Where is the optic nerve located?

A

Optic canal to the posterior globe at the apex of the orbit.

77
Q

Why are we considered to be predators?

A

We have depth perception; we see one thing from 2 vantage points.

78
Q

What is the function of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Extra-occular movement

79
Q

Where is cranial nerve III located?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

80
Q

True or False; motor nerves tend to be small.

A

True

81
Q

True or False; sensory nerves tend to be large.

A

True

82
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve IV?

A

Extra-occular movement

83
Q

Where is the Trochlear nerve located?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

84
Q

What are the three main divisions of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 - opthalmic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandibular

85
Q

What nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves?

A

Trigeminal; cranial nerve V

86
Q

What is the function of the opthalmic branch of cranial nerve V?

A

Sensory to the forehead region.

87
Q

Where is the opthalmic branch of cranial nerve V located?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

88
Q

What are the three main sensory branches of the opthalmic nerve of Cranial Nerve V?

A

Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasocillary

89
Q

True or False; Dental hygienists should often stimulate the opthalmic nerve of Cranial nerve V.

A

False

90
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VI?

A

Extra-occular movement

91
Q

Where is the Abducen nerve located?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

92
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with an overactive lateral rectus? (AKA lazy eye)

A

Abducens = cranial nerve VI

93
Q

What is the function of the Facial Nerve?

A

Sensory and Motor

94
Q

Where is cranial nerve VII located?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

95
Q

Where does the facial nerve branch?

A

Praotid gland

96
Q

When are the five branches of the Facial Nerve?

Hint: Two Zebras Bit My Cat or Hand to Face

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
97
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Hearing & Equilibrium

98
Q

Where is the Acoustic nerve located?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

99
Q

What are two other names for cranial nerve VIII?

A

Vestibular Choclear

Acoustic Vestibular

100
Q

What is the MOTOR function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Muscles of the soft palate, parotid gland, and middle ear.

101
Q

What is the SENSORY function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

102
Q

Where is cranial nerve IX located?

A

Exits through the jugular foramen

103
Q

Which cranial nerve covers the greatest area?

A

Vegas nerve

104
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve X?

A

Most smooth muscles of the body, cardiac muscles and glands.

105
Q

Where is the Vagus nerve located?

A

Exits through the jugular foramen

106
Q

When a patient is asked to say “ahh” what cranial nerve is being tested?

A

Cranial nerve X; Vagus nerve

107
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve XI?

A

Trapezius and SCM muscles

108
Q

Where is the Spinal Acessory nerve located?

A

Exits through the jugular foramen.

109
Q

What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve?

A

Tongue muscles and contributes to the trapezius, scm, soft palate, and pharynx.

110
Q

Where is cranial nerve XII located?

A

Hypoglossal Canal

111
Q

For the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, what nerve supplies general sensation (temperature and pain)?

A

V3, the mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve

112
Q

For the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, what nerve supplies taste?

A

Chorda tympani of the Facial Nerve

113
Q

For the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, what nerve supplies taste?

A

Cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal

114
Q

Which cranial nerves are sensory and which are motor?

A

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Head & Neck Anatomy (6 decks)

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