Lymphatics Flashcards
What is the purpose of the lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?
To connect to each-other and communicate.
What are lymphatics?
A network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes.
Which portion of the circulatory system do lymphatics parallel?
The venous system.
True or False, lymphatics are part of the immune system?
true
How does the lymphatic system help/communicate with the venous system?
Returns plasma to venous circulation.
What is a lymph node?
A (kidney) bean shaped body filled with lymphatic tissue and lymphocytes.
What types of vessels exist in a lymph node?
Efferent and Afferent vessels.
What is the function of efferent vessels in a lymph node?
The depression portion of the node (hilus) where lymph flows out of the node.
What is the function of the afferent vessel of a lymph node?
Functions as a vessel, where lymph flows into the lymph node.
What is lymph?
Tissue fluid
Healthy lymph nodes should have what three characteristics?
Soft, Mobile, and non-palpable (small)
What are lymphocytes?
Functional cells of the lymph system.
What is lymphadenopathy?
The process of lymphocytes being activated against diseased states of the lymph nodes/vessels.
What happens to the lymph nodes during lymphadenopathy?
They may become palpable.
What is tonsillar tissue?
Mass of lymphoid tissue near the airway and food passageways.
True or false, the tonsillar tissue is a part of the lymphatic system.
False! The tonsillar tissue does contain lymphocytes to remove toxins but it is not a part of the lymphatic system.
On the Right Side of the body, where do the lymphatic vessels collect?
Right Lymphatic Duct
Where does the right lymphatic duct empty?
The junction of the R. Subclavian & R. Internal Jugular veins.
Where do the left lymphatic vessels collect?
The left thoracic duct.
Where does the left thoracic duct empty?
The junction of the L. Subclavian and L. Internal Jugular vein.
What are the superficial lymph nodes?
(Hint: Only Real Animals Steal Food)
(Hint: We palpate these in IEOE)
Occipital Retroauricular Anterior Auricular Superficial Parotid Facial
True or false, deep lymph nodes can be palpated.
False, deep nodes cannot be palpated.
What are two examples of deep lymph nodes?
deep parotid
retropharyngeal
Where do the deep lymph nodes, deep parotid and retropharyngeal, drain to?
Superior Deep Cervical nodes
True or False, we can palpate superficial cervical nodes?
True
What are examples of superficial cervical lymph nodes?
Hint: Silly Sally Exits Abruptly
Submental
Submandibular
External jugular
Anterior jugular
What does the submental lymph node drain?
Chin, lower lip, floor of the mouth, apex of the tongue, and Mandibular incisors (23-26)
Where are submental lymph nodes located?
Inferior to the chin/Superficial to the mylohyoid
What is the primary site that the submental lymph nodes drain to?
Submandibular
Where are the submandibular lymph nodes located?
Inferior border of the ramus of the mandible.
What do the submandibular lymph nodes drain?
Cheeks, upperlip, body of tongue, anterior hard palate, all teeth EXCEPT mandibular incisors and maxillary 3rd molars.
Where do the submandibular lymph nodes drain? (Hint: Primary node)
Superior Deep Cervical
Where are the external jugular lymph nodes located?
They are a chain lateral to the external jugular.
Where are the anterior jugular nodes located?
A chain medial/lateral to the anterior jugular.
Where do the external jugular and anterior jugular nodes drain?
Inferior Deep Cervical Nodes
Where are the superior deep cervical nodes located?
Adjacent to the internal jugular.
What do the superior deep cervical nodes drain?
Maxillary 3rd Molars
Posterior Hard Palate
Soft Palate
Base of tongue
Where do the superior deep cervical nodes empty to?
Inferior Deep Cervical Nodes
What are the inferior deep cervical nodes?
A continuation of “direct” superior deep cervical group.
Where are the inferior deep cervical nodes located?
Deep SCM (sternocliedomastoid)
What do the inferior deep cervical nodes drain?
Most of the lymph (tissue fluid) form the entire head and neck region.
Where does the inferior deep cervical nodes empty?
Jugular trunk, either the right lymphatic duct or the left thoracic duct.
Where do the tonsils drain?
Superior Deep Cervical Nodes
What are the 4 tonsils?
Hint: Please Leap Past Turtles
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Lingual tonsils
Palatine tonsils
Tubal tonsils
Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
Superior to the soft palate
Where are the lingual tonsils located?
Dorsal base of the tongue
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
Between the anterior and posterior faucial pillars on each side of the fauces.
Where are the tubal tonsils located?
Near the opening of the Eustachian tube.
What two types of nodes disease are we concerned with?
Infection & Cancer
What is cancer? Why doesn’t our body recognize it as a threat?
Cancer is the rapid uncontrollable replication of cells in the body. It is part of the immune system. The body doesn’t recognize it as a problem because they are our own cells.
What is the process called for labeling cancer in stages?
Metastasis
What would stage 1 cancer indicate?
The disease is a primary site.
What would stage 2 cancer indicate?
The disease is in the lymphatic system.
What would stage 3 cancer indicate?
The disease has metastasized to another organ system.
True or False, they lymphatics system can easily allow infection to spread.
True, the lymphatics low pressure drainage system spreads the disease as it naturally drains. Most structures contain a primary, secondary, and tertiary drainage site.
What would be the primary, secondary, and tertiary drainage sites (can all be infected) for tooth 24?
Primary = submental Secondary = submandibular Tertiary = superior deep cervical
