Nerves 1

Question 1

What are the three functions of the Nervous system?

Answer 1

Sensory (receives stimuli)
Integrative (interprets and processes stimuli)
Effector (produces outgoing signal to initiate a response)

Question 2

What is the CNS?

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 3

What is the PNS?

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Any neural tissue outside CNS

Question 4

Describe the CNS

Answer 4

Contained within skull and vertebrae

Integrative in function (processes and understands sensory information to translate it into a response)

Question 5

Describe the PNS

Answer 5

Outside of skull and vertebrae
Peripheral Nerves
Peripheral Ganglia
Sensory organs of vision, hearing, etc.

Question 6

What are peripheral nerves?

Answer 6

Cranial and Spinal nerves

Question 7

What are peripheral ganglia?

Answer 7

Sensory ganglia

Autonomic nervous system ganglia

Question 8

Afferent division of Peripheral Nerves

Answer 8

Bring sensory information in from receptors

Question 9

Efferent division of Peripheral nerves

Answer 9

Carries motor commands to effectors

Question 10

Define Nerve cells

Answer 10

Electrically active cells that process and conduct information in the form of electrical signals

Question 11

Define Neuroglia

Answer 11

Support cells

Question 12

What neuroglia are in the PNS?

Answer 12

Satellite cells

Schwann Cells

Question 13

What neuroglia are in the CNS?

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 14

What do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 14

Myelinate axons

Question 15

What do astrocytes do?

Answer 15

General support cells

Question 16

What do microglia do?

Answer 16

clean up damage

Question 17

What do schwann cells?

Answer 17

myelinate axons

Question 18

What fibers transmit information in the PNS?

Answer 18

Nerves

Question 19

What fibers transmit information in the CNS?

Answer 19

White matter, fiber tract, column

Question 20

What nerve cell bodies process information in PNS?

Answer 20

Ganglia

Question 21

What nerve cell bodies process information in CNS?

Answer 21

Grey matter, nucleus, cortex

Question 22

____ gray horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

Answer 22

Posterior

Question 23

____ gray horns deal with somatic motor control

Answer 23

Anterior

Question 24

____ gray horns contain visceral motor neurons

Answer 24

Lateral

Question 25

Size of grey matter (number of nerve cells) is related to

Answer 25

The size of body innervated

Question 26

Ascending white matter tracts

Answer 26

relay information from spinal cord to the brain

Question 27

Descending white matter tracts

Answer 27

carry information from brain to spinal cord

Question 28

The adult spinal cord

Answer 28

``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccyx ```

Question 29

_____ root of spinal nerve is afferent

Answer 29

Dorsal

Question 30

___ root of spinal nerve is efferent

Answer 30

Ventral

Question 31

Define dermatomes

Answer 31

Region of the skin monitored by the sensory afferents of a single spinal segment

Question 32

Define telencephalon

Answer 32

cerebrum

Question 33

Define diencephalon

Answer 33

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 34

Define mesencephalon

Answer 34

midbrain

Question 35

Define metenchephalon

Answer 35

pons and cerebellum

Question 36

Define myelencephalon

Answer 36

medulla oblongata

Question 37

Where is the highest level of processing located?

Answer 37

Cerebral Hemispheres

Question 38

The basal nuclei of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 38

dictate motor control

Question 39

The thalamus

Answer 39

Relays sensory information to appropriate processing center

Question 40

The hypothalamus

Answer 40

Is involved with ANS and endocrine control

Question 41

The cortex of cerebellum

Answer 41

Coordinates motor control

Question 42

Define projection fibers

Answer 42

Ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain (connect up to down)

Question 43

Define association fibers

Answer 43

Connect between areas on the same side of the CNS

Question 44

Define commissural fibers

Answer 44

Connect between areas on opposite sides of CNS (connect right to left)

Question 45

Brain and spinal cord tissue develop from

Answer 45

Cells in the walls of the developing hollow neural tube

Question 46

Ventricles of brain and spinal canal of spinal cord develop from

Answer 46

Hollow center of neural tube

Question 47

What support mechanisms are there of the CNS?

Answer 47

``` Skull Vertebrae Ligaments Muscles Meninges CSF Blood Brain barrier ```

Question 48

Define Meninges

Answer 48

Specialized connective tissue layers (Dura, arachnoid, pia matter) Provide physical stability and shock absorption Support blood vessels entering and exiting CNS tissue

Question 49

Cerebrospinal fluid is

Answer 49

Produced in ventricles | Fills subarachnoid space

Question 50

How is CSF produced

Answer 50

Diffused out of capillaries into choroid plexus into ventricles

Question 51

Although CSF comes from blood and returns to blood

Answer 51

IT IS NOT BLOOD

Question 52

What does CSF do?

Answer 52

Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products Provides cushioning and buoyancy

Question 53

Blockage of CSF circulation

Answer 53

Causes pressure in ventricles (hydrocephalus)