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BIOL 223 > Nerves 1 > Flashcards

Nerves 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the Nervous system?

A

Sensory (receives stimuli)
Integrative (interprets and processes stimuli)
Effector (produces outgoing signal to initiate a response)

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2
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Central Nervous System

Brain and Spinal Cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

Any neural tissue outside CNS

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4
Q

Describe the CNS

A

Contained within skull and vertebrae

Integrative in function (processes and understands sensory information to translate it into a response)

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5
Q

Describe the PNS

A

Outside of skull and vertebrae
Peripheral Nerves
Peripheral Ganglia
Sensory organs of vision, hearing, etc.

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6
Q

What are peripheral nerves?

A

Cranial and Spinal nerves

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7
Q

What are peripheral ganglia?

A

Sensory ganglia

Autonomic nervous system ganglia

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8
Q

Afferent division of Peripheral Nerves

A

Bring sensory information in from receptors

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9
Q

Efferent division of Peripheral nerves

A

Carries motor commands to effectors

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10
Q

Define Nerve cells

A

Electrically active cells that process and conduct information in the form of electrical signals

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11
Q

Define Neuroglia

A

Support cells

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12
Q

What neuroglia are in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells

Schwann Cells

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13
Q

What neuroglia are in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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14
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Myelinate axons

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15
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

General support cells

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16
Q

What do microglia do?

A

clean up damage

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17
Q

What do schwann cells?

A

myelinate axons

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18
Q

What fibers transmit information in the PNS?

A

Nerves

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19
Q

What fibers transmit information in the CNS?

A

White matter, fiber tract, column

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20
Q

What nerve cell bodies process information in PNS?

A

Ganglia

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21
Q

What nerve cell bodies process information in CNS?

A

Grey matter, nucleus, cortex

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22
Q

____ gray horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

A

Posterior

23
Q

____ gray horns deal with somatic motor control

A

Anterior

24
Q

____ gray horns contain visceral motor neurons

A

Lateral

25
Q

Size of grey matter (number of nerve cells) is related to

A

The size of body innervated

26
Q

Ascending white matter tracts

A

relay information from spinal cord to the brain

27
Q

Descending white matter tracts

A

carry information from brain to spinal cord

28
Q

The adult spinal cord

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccyx
29
Q

_____ root of spinal nerve is afferent

A

Dorsal

30
Q

___ root of spinal nerve is efferent

A

Ventral

31
Q

Define dermatomes

A

Region of the skin monitored by the sensory afferents of a single spinal segment

32
Q

Define telencephalon

A

cerebrum

33
Q

Define diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

34
Q

Define mesencephalon

A

midbrain

35
Q

Define metenchephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

36
Q

Define myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

37
Q

Where is the highest level of processing located?

A

Cerebral Hemispheres

38
Q

The basal nuclei of cerebral hemispheres

A

dictate motor control

39
Q

The thalamus

A

Relays sensory information to appropriate processing center

40
Q

The hypothalamus

A

Is involved with ANS and endocrine control

41
Q

The cortex of cerebellum

A

Coordinates motor control

42
Q

Define projection fibers

A

Ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain (connect up to down)

43
Q

Define association fibers

A

Connect between areas on the same side of the CNS

44
Q

Define commissural fibers

A

Connect between areas on opposite sides of CNS (connect right to left)

45
Q

Brain and spinal cord tissue develop from

A

Cells in the walls of the developing hollow neural tube

46
Q

Ventricles of brain and spinal canal of spinal cord develop from

A

Hollow center of neural tube

47
Q

What support mechanisms are there of the CNS?

A 
Skull
Vertebrae
Ligaments
Muscles
Meninges
CSF
Blood Brain barrier
48
Q

Define Meninges

A

Specialized connective tissue layers (Dura, arachnoid, pia matter)
Provide physical stability and shock absorption
Support blood vessels entering and exiting CNS tissue

49
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is

A

Produced in ventricles

Fills subarachnoid space

50
Q

How is CSF produced

A

Diffused out of capillaries into choroid plexus into ventricles

51
Q

Although CSF comes from blood and returns to blood

A

IT IS NOT BLOOD

52
Q

What does CSF do?

A

Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
Provides cushioning and buoyancy

53
Q

Blockage of CSF circulation

A

Causes pressure in ventricles (hydrocephalus)

BIOL 223 (9 decks)

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