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BIOL 223 > ANS 1 > Flashcards

ANS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS is the

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS is comprised of what two systems

A

Afferent and Efferent

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3
Q

The Afferent Sensory system is made up of

A

general and special senses

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4
Q

The Efferent motor system is

A

divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

The somatic system controls

A

Skeletal muscles

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6
Q

The Autonomic nervous system control

A

Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands

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7
Q

The autonomic nervous system operates with conscious or unconscious control?

A

Unconscious

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8
Q

The ANS is responsible for coordinating processes that

A

maintain homeostasis

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9
Q

The ANS is divded into

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions

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10
Q

The sympathetic division of the ANS

A

uses energy
dominant in conditions of physical or emotional stress
“fight or flight”

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11
Q

The parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

Conserves and restores energy
Dominant control during rest
“Rest and digest”

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12
Q

What are the effectors with dual innervation?

A

Heart
Pupils
Digestive tract
Bronchioles

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13
Q

Define dual innervation

A

An effector innervated with both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation

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14
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems effect the heart

A

Sympathetic increases heart rate

Parasympathetic decreases heart rate

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15
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems effect the pupils

A

Sympathetic dilates pupils

Parasympathetic constricts pupils

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16
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems effect the digestive tract

A

Sympathetic decreases motility and secretions

Parasympathetic increases motility and secretions

17
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems effect the bronchioles?

A

Sympathetic dilates airways

Parasympathetic constricts airways

18
Q

What effectors have sympathetic input only?

A

Sweat glands
Arrector Pili muscles
Blood vessels of skin, skeletal muscle, heart, lungs, brain, digestive viscera, and kidney

19
Q

How does sympathetic activity effect sweat glands?

A

Increased secretion

20
Q

How does sympathetic activity effect arrector pili muscles?

A

contraction

21
Q

How does sympathetic activity effect blood vessels of skin skeletal muscle, heart, lungs, and brain?

A

Dilation

22
Q

How does sympathetic activity effect blood vessels of digestive viscera and kidney?

A

Constriction

23
Q

What effectors have only parasympathetic input?

A

Lacrimal glands

24
Q

How does parasympathetic activity effect lacrimal glands?

A

Increased secretion

25
Q

The efferent pathway is a ____ neuron pathway

A

Two

26
Q

Describe cell communication in the efferent pathway

A

Motor neurons in CNS send preganglionic axons to synapse on autonomic ganglia in PNS. These ganglia send postganglionic axons to synapse on effector

27
Q

Describe the structure of the Sympathetic pathway

A

Thoraco-lumbar division
Preganglionic cell body in T1-T2
Ganglion closer to CNS
Have: sympathetic chain ganglia, collateral ganglia, adrenal medulla

28
Q

Describe the structure of the parasympathetic pathway

A 
Cranio-sacral division
Preganglionic axon longer
Ganglion near or in effector organ
Postganglionic axon short
Preganglionic cell body in Cranial nerves and S2, S3, and S4
29
Q

Define sympathetic chain ganglia

A

2 chains of ganglia, one on each side of vertebral column, innervate head, body wall, limbs, and viscera of thoracic cavity

30
Q

Define collateral ganglia

A

Close to abdominal argeries
Pass through chain ganglia and form splanchnic nerves
Innervated abdominal and pelvic viscera

31
Q

Sympathetic activation of the collateral ganglia

A

decreases blood flow and releases stored energy molecules

32
Q

Define adrenal medulla

A

Central portion of adrenal gland

Postganglionic cells are modified neurons that secrete into blood rather than onto effectors

33
Q

The parasympathetic division has preganglionic neurons in

A

the brainstem and sacral segments of spinal cord

BIOL 223 (9 decks)

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