Nerve Structure and Function

Question 1

How does the brain translate incoming signals?

Answer 1

Via neurotransmitters

Question 2

What are internuncial neurons?

Answer 2

Interneurons that send signals to the brain

Question 3

What are the only pathways to not use interneurons?

Answer 3

Somatic reflexes

Question 4

What type of neurons are sensory?

Answer 4

Pseudobipolar

Question 5

Where is the neuron body always located for sensory neurons?

Answer 5

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 6

Where are true bipolar neurons found?

Answer 6

Only in the special sense organs

Question 7

At the neuromuscular junction what neurotransmitter is released?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine

Question 8

How do metabotropic receptors work?

Answer 8

Through a G-protein

Question 9

What type or receptors are found at the NMJ?

Answer 9

Ionotropic receptors

Question 10

How many vesicles are released into the synaptic cleft per action potential?

Answer 10

100-300 vesicles

Question 11

How many molecules of neurotransmitter are contained in each vesicle?

Answer 11

6-10k

Question 12

What is important at a nerve nerve connection?

Answer 12

A graded response; has to reach threshold before firing

Question 13

What is unique about the NMJ?

Answer 13

It always reaches threshold

Question 14

How is a muscles action controlled so that we have control over our movements?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is broken down by acetylcholinesterase quickly or Ach is quickly re-uptaken

Question 15

Where are microglial cells derived from?

Answer 15

Macrophage precursors

Question 16

What are microglial cells?

Answer 16

Macrophages in the CNS

Question 17

What happens if you cut a nerve cell on its axon?

Answer 17

The distal end of the cell dies but Schwann cells can regenerate and maintain tubular anatomy

Question 18

What happens if you cut a nerve cell on its soma?

Answer 18

The entire cell dies