nerve entrapments Flashcards
what is meralgia paresthetica? and what nerve entrapment is it associated with?
a condition that causes tingling, numbness, and burning pain in the outer thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment
what are the causes of a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment?
tight clothing
obesity or weight gain
pregnancy
local trauma
disease (diabetes)
what type of nerve pain/sensation is associated with lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment?
paresthesia (pins and needles) and/or decreased sensation
what nerve levels are associated with the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment?
L2 L3
what levels are associated with the femoral nerve entrapment?
L2 L3 L4
what are the four entrapment sites for the femoral nerve?
beneath iliopsoas tendon
inguinal ligament
femoral triangle
adductor canal
what is an obturator nerve entrapment?
injury to the nerve as it passes through the obturator canal - covered by obturator membrane n the obturator foramen
what are some causes of an obturator nerve entrapment?
anterior hip dislocation
prostate surgery
what muscle actions and areas of sensations are affected by an obturator nerve entrapment?
difficulty adducting the thigh (cross legs while sitting)
decreased sensation over upper medial thigh (not at the knee joint)
what is the cause of the superior gluteal nerve entrapment?
piriformis muscle compression
what is the presentation of a superior gluteal nerve entrapment?
achy-type claudication buttock pain (pain, aching, or fatigue)
waddling gait
TTP (tender to palpation)
what injury is presented with a superior gluteal nerve entrapment?
Trendelenburg
what is the cause of a deep fibular nerve entrapment? and what physical symptoms does it present?
excessive use of muscles supplied by the deep fibular nerve may result in muscle injury and edema in the anterior compartment
when can tight fitting ski boots cause a deep fibular nerve entrapment?
when the nerve passes deep to the inferior extensor retinaculum and the extensor hallucis brevis
where does pain occur for a deep fibular nerve entrapment?
the dorsum of the foot and usually radiates to the web space between the 1st and 2nd toes
what nerve entrapment is associated with ski booth syndrome?
skiiers, soccer players, and runners with tight shoes
can you still perform ADLs even with a deep fibular nerve entrapment?
yes
what can cause a superficial fibular nerve entrapment? and why?
chronic ankle sprains may produce recurrent stretching of the superficial fibular nerve
where does pain occur for a superficial fibular nerve entrapment?
lateral side of the leg and the dorsum of the ankle and foot
what sensory symptoms may occur with a superficial fibular nerve entrapment?
numbness and paresthesia
what nerve levels are affected with a superficial gluteal nerve entrapment?
L4-S1
what is a symptom of pudendal nerve entrapment?
chronic, severely disabling neuropathic pain
perineal pain with sitting
what population can a pudendal nerve entrapment affect?
males and females
how can a pudendal nerve entrapment occur?
rubs on sacrospinous ligament
what ligament can you use to find the pudendal nerve?
sacrospinous ligament
where does the pudendal nerve exit?
between the SS and ST ligaments
where does the pudendal nerve travel?
over the sacrospinous ligament and through the pudendal canal formed by the obturator fascia and sacrotuberous ligament
where does the pudendal nerve emerge? and what does it innervate?
inferior to the pubic bone to innervate the perinium and genitalia
what are symptoms of a sural nerve entrapment?
achy posterolateral calf pain
neuropathic pain in sural nerve distribution
what is the location of a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment?
2 cm inferior of the inguinal ligament
what muscles are affected by an obturator nerve entrapment?
obturator externus
adductor magnus, adductor part
adductor longus
gracilis
what levels are the superior gluteal nerve?
L4 L5 S1
what are sural nerve entrapment sites?
fibrous arcade at lower lateral leg
Baker Cyst
Gastroc strains
Fx of 5th metatarsal
what are symptoms of a sural nerve entrapment?
achy posterolateral calf pain
neuropathic pain in sural nerve distribution
what movements cause pain on the sural nerve?
ankle dorsiflexion and inversion
what causes a medial plantar entrapment?
compression irritation as it passes deep to the flexor retinaculum, or curves deep to the abductor hallucis
what physical symptoms are associated with medial plantar nerve entrapment (Baxter’s Neuropathy)? and where does it occur?
aching, burning, numbness, and tingling on the medial side of the sole of the food and in navicular tuberosity region
what actions cause the Baxter’s Neuropathy to occur?
repetitive eversion of the foot (during gymnastics and running)
what nerve levels are affected by Baxtar’s neuropathy?
L5 S1
what nerve entrapment is also called “jogger’s foot”?
medial plantar nerve entrapment
