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Microbiology 2320 > Nerve Disease > Flashcards

Nerve Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the defenses of the CNS

A 
Meninges
Cerebral spinal fluid. 
Bone casing. 
Blood brain barrier. 
Immunologically privileged
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2
Q

Is there a normal flora in the CNS

A

No it is absent although viruses can exist in dormant state

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3
Q

What is the portal of infection for the CNS

A

Breaks in the bones in meninges. Medical procedures.
Travel in peripheral neurons to the CNS.
Infect and kill cells of the Meninges causing meningitis

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4
Q

What is the environment of CNS

A

Axenic

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5
Q

What are the 2 ways bacteria can cause disease in nervous system?

A 
1.Infect cells of nervous system 
Ex. Meningitis, leprosy
2.Bacteria growing elsewhere releases toxins that affect neurons
Ex. Botulism
Tetanus
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6
Q

5 species that can cause meningitis?

A 
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilius influenzae
Listers monocytogenes
Streptococcus agalactiqe

Can also be cause by fungus and viruses

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7
Q

Meningitis symptoms

A 
Fever
Headache
Painful stiff neck
Increased number of WBC in CSF
Confused or disturbed brain function
Petechaie
Ecchymosis
Shock
Coma
Death
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8
Q

How is meningitis transmitted

A

Respirating droplets

S. Agalatactiae - during birth
Listeria- contaminated food

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9
Q

Treatment for meningitis

A

Penicillin in large dose via IV

Vaccination

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10
Q

Virulence Factors for meningitis

A

Capsule- leave Reservoir
Endotoxins- invade/multiply
IgA protease-invade
Intercellular growth- evade

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11
Q

How are arboviral encephalitis transmitted

A

Via blood sucking arthropods
Mosquito
Can be eliminated by getting horses vaccinated

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12
Q

Symptoms of arboviruses

A

Mild cold like symptoms

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13
Q

Subacute encephalitis

A

Protozoan infection
Viral infection
Prion infection
Symptoms develop slowly

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14
Q

Kuru

A

Rare and fatal brain disorder
Causes spongiform lesions in brain tissue
Caused by ratting dead relatives brains

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15
Q

Variant Creutz-Jacob Disease

A

Insomnia, weight loss , memory failure, worsening muscle control.
Caused by prions
No treatment.
Prevent- by not eating contaminated prion meat

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16
Q

Rabies-

A

Transmission- contact with infected body fluids
Virus multiple in muscles then move to neurons
Symptoms- anxiety, nervousness, impaired swallowing, coma, death
Furious rabies-Hydrophobia, agitation, disorientation, seizures
Dumb- paralyzed, disorientation, stuporous
Prevention- vaccination pet and people, antibiotics

17
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Poliovirus
Transmitted by fecal to oral route
Dirty water
Icosahedral capsid shell

18
Q

Signs and symptoms of poliomyelitis

A

-Asymptomatic infections -90%
-Minor polio- nonspecific symptoms, headache, fever, nausea
-nonparalytic- muscle spasms, and back pain
-paralytic polio- produces paralysis, flaccid paralysis over a few hour to a few days
-unused muscles began to atrophy, grow slow and deformities develop
Limbs are painful

19
Q

Treatment for poliomyelitis

A

Alleviate pain, ventilator if needed, physical therapy

20
Q

Prevention for polio

A

Vaccination

21
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani
Toxin- tetanospasmin
Tennis racket morphology

22
Q

Symptoms of tetanus

A

-Toxin blocks the inhibition of muscle contraction
-clenching of jaw
Extreme arching
Flexion of arms and extension of legs
Rigid spastic paralysis
Death occurs because respiratory muscles paralysis

23
Q

Transmission of tetanus

A 
Wound infection
Anaerobic conditions
Necrotic tissue
Poor blood supply
Dirty puncture wound
24
Q

Prevention of tetanus

A

Toxoid vaccination
Antitoxin antibodies
Antibiotics
Muscle relaxants

25
Q

What are the 3 types of Botulism

A

Food borne
Infant
Wound

  • prevents the release of acetylcholine preventing muscle contraction
26
Q

Symptoms of botulism

A

Double vision.
Dizziness.
Difficulty in swallowing. Descending muscular paralysis.
Death comes from respirator respiratory arrest.
Flaccid rag doll paralysis

27
Q

Cause of infant botulism

A

Raw honey

28
Q

Cause of food borne botulism

A

Improper food canning and low acid vegetables

29
Q

Treatment for botulism

A

Antitoxin
Cardiac and respiratory care
Recovery takes weeks

30
Q

African trypanosomiasis

A 
Sleeping sickness
2 protists
-Trypanosoma Brucei gambiense 
-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiens
Transmitted by the tse tse fly
31
Q

Migration of African Trypanosomiasis

A

Bite
Secondary lymph tissue (multiply)
Causes fever, malaise, enlarged nodes and joint pain
Enters CNS, damaging blood vessels and brain tissue

32
Q

Symptoms of African Trypanosomiasis

A

Change in Personality our behavior. Decreased ability to concentrate walk or talk.
Extreme tiredness during the day.
Insomnia at night.
Eventually coma, then death

33
Q

Amebic Meningoencephalopathy

A

Caused by Acanthamoeba and Naegleria

Enters host through abrasions on skin, eyelid, or inhalation of contaminated water- murky mainly fresh water

Microbiology 2320 (9 decks)

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