Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology 2320 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Surfaces of our body that have normal flora? List 6

A 
Skin
Conjunctiva
Nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal
Mouth and intestinal tract
Vagina
Urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s the process of how you become infected? List 7

A 
Pathogenicity
Portals of entry
Attachment
Surviving host defenses
Causing disease
Process of infections and disease
Portals of exit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors weaken host defense and increase susceptibility to infection? List 7

A
  1. Old age and extreme youth
  2. Genetic defects and acquired defects in immunity
  3. Surgery and organ transplant
  4. Organic disease: cancer, liver malfunction, diabetes
  5. Chemotherapy/ immunosuppressive drugs
  6. Physical and mental stress
  7. Other infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Portals of Entry? List 6

A 
Skin
GI Tract
Respiratory tract
Urogenital
Placenta
Inoculum size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What steps must a pathogen take to successful? List 7

A
  1. maintain a reservoir (a place to live before and after infection.)
  2. Leave the reservoir and enter a host.
  3. Adhere to the surface of a host.
  4. Invade the body of the host.
  5. Evade the body’s defenses.
  6. Multiply within the body.
  7. Leave the body and return to its reservoir or enter a new host.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Incubatory Carrier is what?

A

Seemingly healthy people who are affected but do not develop symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chronic Carriers

A

Have harbored pathogen for months or years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Horizontal transmission?

A

Human contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Mother to infant

Across placenta or perinatal (before or after birth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is vehicles transmission?

A

Inanimate objects
Fomites
Not a reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vectors

A

Biological- transmitted by bite, defecation, infected with pathogen
Mechanical-not part of pathogens life cycle (fly touch poop and land on you sandwich)
Anthropod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fecal- oral route? List 4

A
  1. Infected feces to mouth of new host
  2. Direct hand to hand
  3. Hand to mouth by VEHICLES such as water, food and formites
  4. Vectors (flies to food)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s is parenteral transmission?

A

Microorganisms are deposited directly into blood vessels or deep tissue

  • biological vector bites through skin
  • IV drug users share needles
  • deep wounds or puncture wounds allowing anaerobic pathogens to enter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is resident biota?

A

Inhabit the body throughout life, can never be reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transient biota

A

Inhabit our body under certain circumstances and can be removed by cleansing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Opportunists

A

Bacteria that cause disease when the host defense are weakened, or normal flora is altered.

Cause disease in immune compromised host.
Gain access (injury) to sterile regions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens at 2 weeks of birth.

A

General colonization of normal flora.

18
Q

What happens at 6 months?

A

Bacteria colonize gum line.
Streptococci
Fusobacterium
Bactericides

19
Q

how do bacteria change in vagina?

A

The increase or decrease of lactobacilli.

20
Q

What is commensalism?

A

Healthy humans and their normal flora

21
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Usually neither survives without the other. Example: digestive bacteria

22
Q

Parasitism

A

Pathogenic bacteria. Some commensals could become pathogenic under the right circumstances (makes them opportunist)

23
Q

What is an structural defense?

A

Skin

24
Q

What is a mechanical defense?

A 
Blinking
Mucocilliary
Talking
Swallowing 
Chewing
25
Q

What is a biochemical defense?

A

Salt in sweat
Stomach acid
Tears
Saliva- lysozyme

26
Q

Name 3 basic defenses?

A

Structural
Mechanical
Biochemical

27
Q

What are bacteriocins?

A

Defensive toxins that inhibit competition

28
Q

What is a true pathogen

A

Cause cease in healthy individual. Specific and recognizable disease
Flu

29
Q

List 4 microbial environment of the Skin.

A
  1. Very dry
  2. Fatty acids can be inhibitory
  3. Lysozyme in sweat
  4. Salt can be inhibitory
30
Q

How does normal biota keep the skin healthy?

A

By occupying space

31
Q

What type of bacteria is found on the skin?

A

Staphylococcus
Diptheroids
Fungi
Mites

32
Q

Where are Diphtheroids found on body?

A

Sebaceous Glands

Live deep in hair follicles, feed on sebum

33
Q

Bacteroides come from where?

A

Gram negative, bacillus bacteria

They are non-endospore forming, anaerobes

34
Q

What causes most wound/procedure site infections.

A

Staph. Epidermidis

35
Q

Where is the first place to be colonized on human body?

A

The mouth

36
Q

Why is the mouth a violent place for bacteria?

A

Talkin
Chewing
Swallowing
Dislodge bacteria

37
Q

What is lysozyme?

A

Biochemical that constantly washes out the mouth

38
Q

How many different species in the normal flora?

A

80

39
Q

What causes tooth decay

A

Mutans

40
Q

What kind of bacteria is yeast and thrush?

A

Candida albicans

41
Q

How much bacteria is in feces

A

1/3 dry weight of feces

Microbiology 2320 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions