Nerve Cells Flashcards
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum? Where are they located
Frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe and temporal lobe
What cells are lost in Parkinsons disease
In the midbrain there is an area called the substantia nigra. In here there are cells found that are called dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson’s disease results in the loss of these neurons
Where is the grey matter and white matter? What do they comprise of
Grey matter is the cell bodies and white matter is the axons. In the brain grey matter is outside whereas in the spinal cord grey matter is inside
How many layers of cells are there in the cerebral cortex
6
Define those layers
Layer 1 is at the top. It has very low density of cells. This is the area where the axon tracks are traveling.
II is external granular layer, III is external pyramidal cell layer, IV is internal granular layer, V is ganglionic layer, VI is multiform (polymorphic) cell layer.
How do you identify the layer V of the cerebral cortex
Identify the large pyramidal cells
What are parenchymal cells
They are multi polar neurons, they have multiple processes coming out of them, perhaps making connection to many neurons both from the dendrites and the axons.
How do you identify cerebellum
Branched structure from low zoomed picture
What are the layers of the cerebellum
Molecular, purkinje and granular
What cells are found in the molecular layer
Stellate and Basket cells
How do you differentiate the dorsal and ventral horn
From the blood vessel coming out of the ventral horn.
Also know how to identify the central canal
What is found in the ventral horn
Cell bodies and axons of the motor neurons that make choline acetyltransferase
What does the motor neurons have that makes them particularly easy to identify in staining methods
They have nissle substance. The staining method used stain rRNA so staining the ribosomes and the nucleolus
What happens in ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Patients can think, process and recall information fine but they cannot correctly move due to diseased motor neurons.
Describe dendrons, cell body, axons, synapses
Dendrons are Input, cell body is integration, axons are conductors and synapses are output
What are the 3 types of neurons
Pyramidal neurons which are interneurons, motor neurons which only transmit signals after receiving them and then sensory neurons that only detect signal