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Nerve Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Basic functional unit of CNS

A

Nerve Cells

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2
Q

Protectors and repairers of nerve cells

A

Neuroglial cells

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3
Q

Input to neuron

A

Cell body and dendrite

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4
Q

Output of neuron

A

Axon

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5
Q

Two components of cell body

A

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

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6
Q

Cytoplasm organelles funtion?

A

metabolize protein for maintenance and growth

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7
Q

Protein of cell bodies conducted through:

A

Microtubles

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8
Q

Mitochondria function

A

Cellular power plants, Energy in form of ATP

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9
Q

Lysosomes function

A

Intracellular digestion

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10
Q

Ribosomes function

A

Assemble protein

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11
Q

Golgi Bodies function

A

Protein secretion

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12
Q

Branching of dendrites known as:

A

Arborization

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13
Q

Part of neuron with greatest density of voltage dependent sodium channels

A

Axon Hillock

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14
Q

Axons termination branches

A

Telodendria

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15
Q

Intervals between Myelin Sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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16
Q

Supply myelin for PNS neurons

A

Schwann Cells

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17
Q

Supply myelin for CNS neurons

A

Oligodendrocytes

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18
Q

Myelin growth

A

Myelogenesis

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19
Q

Connection point between neurons

A

Synapse

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20
Q

Three parts of synapse

A

Knob, cleft, receptive site

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21
Q

Receptive sites

A

Axodendritic synapse, axoaxonic synapse, axosomatic synapse

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22
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

Dendrite and axon emerging from same process

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23
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

Single axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of soma

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24
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

More than two dendrites

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25
Q

Golgi I

A

Neurons with long-projecting axonal processes

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26
Q

Golgi II

A

Neurons whose axonal process projects locally

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27
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Convey information from tissues and organs into CNS

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28
Q

Efferent

A

Transmit signals from CNS to effector cells

29
Q

Interneurons

A

connect neurons within specific regions of CNS

30
Q

Convergent circuit

A

Receive info from multiple sources

31
Q

Divergent circuit

A

Amplifies an impulse

32
Q

Lateral inhibition

A

Results in sharpening response by inhibiting adjacent neurons

33
Q

Reverberating circuits

A

Self-propagating system

34
Q

Neuron not transmitting a signal

A

Resting State

35
Q

Resting membrane potential

36
Q

Inside cell molecule concentration

A

Low in Sodium and high in Potassium

37
Q

Maintains concentration gradients for both sodium and potassium ions

A

Sodium-potassium active pump

38
Q

What changes the shape of the protein ion channel?

A

Addition of phosphate group to ATP

39
Q

When phosphate is release and protein returns to former shape what happens?

A

two potassium ions are moved across membrane

40
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Cell interior becomes more negative

41
Q

Depolarization

A

Cell interior becomes less negative

42
Q

Action potential

A

Temporary reversal of charges of neuron cell

43
Q

To trigger action potential how much change in mV?

A

10 mV, threshold

44
Q

Excitatory stimulus causes:

A

voltage-gated sodium channels to open

45
Q

When do the sodium channels close?

46
Q

When action potential is reached?

A

Potassium channels begin to open

47
Q

Movement of potassium ions causes?

A

Reversal of membrane potential to negative, Repolarization

48
Q

Overshooting of electrical gradient called?

A

Hyperpolarization, -80 to -90 mV

49
Q

What is the name of the period after hyperpolarization?

A

Refractory period

50
Q

How long do action potentials last?

A

5-10 milliseconds

51
Q

Why does action potential only travel in one direction?

A

Membrane behind is still in refractory

52
Q

Two factors affecting action potentials

A

Axon diameter and myelination

53
Q

Voltage gated sodium channels are concentrated in?

A

The nodes of ranvier

54
Q

Conduction along myelinated fibers

A

Saltatory Conduction

55
Q

Release of neurotransmitters

A

Exocytosis

56
Q

Arriving action potential produces influx of?

A

Calcium ions

57
Q

Postsynaptic potentials are?

A

Graded potentials

58
Q

If pump results in net gain of positive charge across membrane:

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

59
Q

If pump results in net gain of negative charge?

A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

60
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials neurotransmitter bindings

A

Flow of Sodium or carbon, membrane becomes less negative

61
Q

Inhibitory PP

A

Leads to opening of chlorine or potassium channels, more negative

62
Q

Action potential will occur in postsynpatic neuron if postsynaptic cell is?

A

Depolarized

63
Q

Two types of Neurotransmitters

A

Small and large molecules (short and long lasting)

64
Q

Acetylcholine

A

In CNS, regulates forebrain activity, In PNS, controls voluntary movements of motor fibers

65
Q

Dopamine

A

Affects movement and cognition and memory

66
Q

Dopamine also functions as:

A

Motivation and pleasure

67
Q

Norepinephrine

A

stress hormone, fight-or-flight responds

68
Q

Serotonin

A

Plays role in regulation of mood, sleep, emesis, sexuality and appetite

69
Q

GABA

A

Brains natural calming agent

Neuro (10 decks)

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