Anatomical Structures of Brain Flashcards
Corpus Callosum
Largest commisural bundle, largest white matter structure
Four parts of Corpus Callosum
Rostram, Genu, Body, & Splenium
Left Hemisphere dominant for:
analytical skills, and receptive/expressive language
Right Hemisphere dominant for:
Facial recognition, music, temporary/spacial orientation, and paralinguistic functions
Cingulate Gyrus involved in:
emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory
Septum
Midline structure, separates lateral ventricles
Fornix
Connects hypothalamus and hippocampus of both hemispheres
Thalamus
Important for sensorimotor integration and speech-language functions
Hypothalamus
Controls various endocrine and autonomic functions (Food/water intake, sex, body temp)
Pituitary gland
Hormones, regulating metabolic, sexual
Anterior Commissure
Connects two olfactory bulbs
Posterior Commissure
Contains fibers of Midbrain’s visual center
Pineal glad
Secretes neurotransmitters
Optic Chiasm
Optic fibers from medial retina cross midline
Limbic System involved in…
emotion, motivation, learning, and emotional association with memory
Limbic system operates by influencing…
endocrine system and autonomic nervous system
Endocrine system
Produce hormones, with connections to prefrontal cortex
Structures of Limbic System
Amygdala, Hippocampal function, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, parahippocampal gyrus, nucleus accumbens, papez circuit
Amygdala
involved in emotions like aggression and fear
Hippocampal formation
formation of long term memories, spacial navigation
Cingulate gyrus autonomic functions
autonomic functions regulating heart rate and blood pressure, attentional processing
Parahippocampal gyrus
Role in formation of spatial memory
Nucleus accumbens
Reward, pleasure, addiction
Papez circuit
Major pathwaysm cortical control of emotion
Basal Ganglia is a:
Group of nuclei in brain associated with motor and learn fuctions
5 Nuclei of Basal Ganglia
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrum, amygdaloid
Function of Basal Ganglia
Maintain muscle tone needed to stabilize joint position, or inhibit muscle tone
Interruption of feedback loop of Basal Ganglia
Uncontrollable tremors
Substantia Nigra
Mainly involved with release of dopamine
Red nucleus
Involved in motor coordination
Striatum
main input zone for other areas to connect with basal ganglia
Two pathways that control cortical motor control
Direct Pathway (Overal excitatory), Indirect Pathway (Overall Inhibitory)
Thalamus function
Relay sensory information to cortex
