General Organization of the Nervous System Flashcards
Three Primary Planes
Coronal, Horizontal, Sagittal
Coronal Plane
Front & back portions
Horizontal Plane
Upper & lower portions
Sagittal Plane
Left & right portions
Ventral
Toward the belly
Dorsal
Toward the back
Caudal
Toward the tail
Superior
Toward the top of the head/body
Lateral
Away from the middle
Bilateral
On both sides
Ipsilateral
On the same side
Contralateral
On the opposite side
Gray Matter
Concentrations of nerve cell bodies
A nucleus
Definable group of cell bodies
Ganglion
Collection of cell bodies in PNS
Glial Cells
Protect and support the nerve cells
White Matter
Collections of axons
Tract
Bundle of axons in CNS
Fasciculus, Funiculus, Lemniscus, Peduncle
Bundle of nerve fibers that run parallel to connecting bodies
Commissures
interconnect symmetrical structures in both sides of brain
Decussations
axons that cross midline to terminate on contralateral side
Nerves
Axons Pass between CNS and PNS
Autonomic NS
Controls involuntary actions
Somatic NS
Controls voluntary body movements
Sympathetic NS
Mobilize the body’s nervous system fight-or-flight response, maintain homeostasis
Parasympathetic NS
Regulation of internal organs and glands
Three structures of brain
Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum
Brainstem structures
Midbrain, pons, medulla
Cerebrum
Two hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissure
Telencephalon
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Thalamus & Hypothalamus
Mesencephalon
Midbrain
Metencephalon
Pons
Myelencephalon
Medulla Oblongata
