neruological

Question 1

central

Answer 1

consist of the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral

Answer 2

12 cranial nerves

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 3

function of central nervous sys

Answer 3

Cerebral Cortex

frontal lobe - personality, behaviour, emotions I/Q, ability to write words
Parietal lobe - sensation, recognize body parts L. vs R.
Temporal lobe - primary auditory reception centre
Occipital Lobe - primary visual centre and understanding of written material

Question 4

function of central nervous sys

Answer 4

Thalamus - main relay station for nervous system and pain threshold

Hypothalamus - centre for temperature control, sleep, pituitary/emotional regulation

Cerebellum - blend & coordinate motion of muscles involved in voluntary movement

Question 5

Brain Stem

Answer 5

Brain Stem

midbrain - contains nerve pathways between hemispheres & medulla. Centre for visual reflexes, postural reflex

Pons - connects medulla oblongata & midbrain, ventral to cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata -continuation of spinal cord in brain & controls quality of respirations, heart rate, swallowing, hiccuping and gag and cough reflex

Question 6

function of the peripheral nervous sys

Answer 6

PNS carries messages to CNS from sensory receptors & from CNS to muscles and glands

Dermatone is an area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single posterior spinal root
Spinal nerves are mixed nerves

Question 7

function of the peripheral sys #2

Answer 7

Reflex Arc
- response below level of consciousness where sensory afferent fibers carry a message through motor efferent fibers to cause a response in innervated muscle

Question 8

autonomic nervous sys

Answer 8

Parts of NS that governs the glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

Sympathetic/parasympathetic

Function is to maintain Homeostasis

Question 9

types of neuro exam

Answer 9

Screening - well persons, no significant subjective findings

Complete - performed when neurological concerns I/D through history

Neuro recheck - performed after complete exam “follow up”

Question 10

subjective data for neuro exam

Answer 10

Headache

2. Head injury
3. Dizziness/Vertigo
4. Seizures
5. Tremors
6. Weakness

Question 11

subjective data for neuro exam 2

Answer 11

7. Incoordination
8. Numbness or tingling
9. Difficulty swallowing
10. Difficulty speaking
11. Significant past history
12. Environmental/ occupational hazard

Question 12

cranial nerve 1-6

Answer 12

1: olfactory :
II: optic: confrontation, visual field testing.
III: oculomotor: 6 cardinal movements
IV: Trochlear: extraocular eye movements.
V: Trigminal: clench the teeth, push down on chin to separate jaws.
VI: Abducens: Check pupil size and reactivity PERRLA.

Question 13

cranil nerve 7-12

Answer 13

VII: facial: smile, frown, lift eyebrows.( look for symmetry)
VIII: auditory: Rinne or Weber AC>BC.
IX glossopharangeal - taste and motor
(tongue depressor say ahhh!) Also checks gag reflex

Question 14

reflexes to check

Answer 14

1) Biceps ( C5 and C6)
2) Triceps ( C7 and C8)
3) Patellar ( knee jerk)( L2 andL4)
4) Achilles ( L5 to S2)
5) Plantar reflex (L4 to S2)

Question 15

relationship towards the two sides of brains

Answer 15

left cerebral cortex receives sensory information from, and controls motor function to, the right side of the body

right cerebral cortex interacts with the left side of the body. Knowledge of where the fibres cross midline

Question 16

sensation routes in brain

Answer 16

Sensation travels in the afferent fibres in the peripheral nerve, then through the posterior (dorsal) root, and then into the spinal cord. In the spinal cord, it may take one of two routes: the spinothalamic tract or the posterior (dorsal) columns

Question 17

Position (proprioception)

Answer 17

the sense of where your body parts are in space and in relation to each other, without your looking at them.

Question 18

Vibration

Answer 18

the ability to feel vibrating objects.

Question 19

Finely localized touch (stereognosis)

Answer 19

the ability to identify familiar objects by touch, without looking.

Question 20

deep tendon reflexes

Answer 20

such as patellar or knee jerk;

Question 21

superficial

Answer 21

such as corneal reflex or abdominal reflex

Question 22

visceral (organic)

Answer 22

pupillary response to light and accommodation

Question 23

pathological (abnormal

Answer 23

the Babinski (extensor plantar) reflex.

Question 24

The deep tendon ( reflex (DTR) has five components

Answer 24

(a) an intact sensory nerve (afferent);
(b) a functional synapse in the cord;
(c) an intact motor nerve fibre (efferent);
(d) the neuromuscular junction;
(e) a competent muscle.

Question 25

dermatome

Answer 25

skin area that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve

Question 26

dermatone landmarks

Answer 26

The thumb, middle finger, and fifth finger are each in the dermatomes of C6, C7, and C8.
• The axilla is at the level of T1.
• The nipple is at the level of T4.
• The umbilicus is at the level of T10.
• The groin is in the region of L1.
• The knee is at the level of L4.