Female Genitourinary

Question 1

External Genitalia

Answer 1

external genitalia are called the vulva, or pudendum

The mons pubis is a round, firm pad of adipose tissue covering the symphysis pubis, the cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones

Question 2

Infants and Adolescents

Answer 2

At birth, the external genitalia are engorged because of presence of maternal estrogen. The structures recede in a few weeks, remaining small until puberty. The ovaries are located in the abdomen during childhood. The uterus is small with a straight axis and no anteflexion.

Question 3

adoecents

Answer 3

At puberty, estrogens stimulate cell growth in the reproductive tract and development of secondary sex characteristics. The first signs of puberty are breast and pubic hair development, beginning between the ages of image and 13 years. These signs are usually concurrent, but it is not abnormal if they do not develop together, taking about 3 years to complete

Question 4

stage 1

Answer 4

Preadolescent. No pubic hair. Mons and labia covered with fine vellus hair, as on abdomen.

Question 5

stage 2

Answer 5

Hair growth sparse and mostly on labia. Long, downy hair, slightly pigmented, straight or only slightly curly.

Question 6

stage 3

Answer 6

Hair growth sparse but spreading over mons pubis. Hair is darker, coarser, curlier.

Question 7

stage 4

Answer 7

Hair is adult in type but over smaller area; none on medial thigh.

Question 8

stage 5

Answer 8

Hair is adult in type and pattern; inverse triangle. Also on medial thigh surface.

Question 9

Pregnant Women

Answer 9

The cervix softens (Goodell’s sign) at 4 to 6 weeks, and the vaginal mucosa and cervix look cyanotic (Chadwick’s sign) at 6 to 8 weeks.

These changes occur because of increased vascularity and edema of the cervix and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the cervical glands.

The isthmus of the uterus softens (Hegar’s sign) at 6 to 8 weeks.

Question 10

pregancny

Answer 10

In early pregnancy, its growth encroaches on the space occupied by the bladder, producing urinary frequency. By 10 to 12 weeks’ gestation, the uterus becomes globular in shape and is too large to stay in the pelvis. At 20 to 24 weeks, the uterus has an oval shape

Question 11

older adults

Answer 11

slowly declining levels of hormones in aging men, hormonal levels in women decrease rapidly. Menopause is cessation of the menses. It usually occurs between 48 to 51 years of age, although the variation in ages is wide (from 35 to 60 years of age)

Question 12

older adults

Answer 12

The uterus shrinks in size because of decreased myometrium. The ovaries atrophy to 1 to 2 cm and are not palpable after menopause. Ovulation still may occur sporadically after menopause.

Question 13

Menorrhagia

Answer 13

heavy menses