abdomen/muscoskletal

Question 1

signs and symptoms of changes within abdomen

Answer 1

Changes in appetite
Dysphagia
Food intolerance
Pain
Nausea/vomiting
Bowel habits
History
Medications
Nutritional assessment

Question 2

anatomy and physiology of abdomen

Answer 2

The abdomen is a large oval cavity.
Extends from the diaphragm down to the brim of the pelvis.
Divided into 4 quadrants.
The aorta is just to the LEFT of the midline.
Located conveniently 2cm below the umbilicus ( bellybutton).

Question 3

right upper quadrant of abdomen

Answer 3

kidney, liver, gallbaladder, duodenum, head of the pancreas, ascending and transverse colon

Question 4

right lower quadrant

Answer 4

appendix, cecum, ovary ( women) ureter and in men ( spermatic cord).

Question 5

left upper quadrant

Answer 5

stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, adrenal, splenic flexture of colon,

Question 6

left lower quadrant

Answer 6

descending colon, sigmois colon, ovary, ureter and spermatic cord

Question 7

midline

Answer 7

Aorta, uterus and bladder

Question 8

Four layers of large muscle ab wall

Answer 8

These are joined at the midline by a tendinous seam, the linea alba.

One set, the rectus abdominis, forms a strip extending the length of the midline, and its edge is often palpable.

The solid viscera: are those that maintain a characteristic shape

The hollow viscera: stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon and bladder.
The stomach is just below the diaphragm , between the liver and the spleen.

Question 9

organs palpable in ab cavity

Answer 9

Liver, kidney, aorta, sigmoid colon, uterus, full bladder, cecum are all palpable organs with the abdominal cavity

Question 10

musculo-skeletal system consists

Answer 10

body’s bones, joints, and muscles. Humans need this system for support to stand erect and for movement.

The musculo-skeletal system also functions to encase and protect the inner vital organs

to produce the red blood cells in the bone marrow

as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in the bones.

Question 11

nonsynovial joints

Answer 11

fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable

Question 12

Synovial joints

Answer 12

freely movable because the bones are separated from each other and enclosed in a joint cavity

Question 13

Ligaments

Answer 13

fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions.

Question 14

bursa

Answer 14

enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid, much like a joint. Bursae are located in areas of potential friction

Question 15

complete musculo-skeletal examination

Answer 15

is appropriate for patients with articular disease, a history of musculo-skeletal symptoms, or any problems with ADLs.

Question 16

approach to complete musc assessment

Answer 16

Use an orderly approach: head to toe, proximal to distal. The approach may need to be modified for patients with limitations in mobility, pain, or fatigue. Provide analgesics, rest periods, or both, as required.

Question 17

solid viscera

Answer 17

solid viscera are those that maintain a characteristic shape (liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus)

Question 18

hollow viscera

Answer 18

(stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, and bladder) depends on the contents. They are usually not palpable

Question 19

subjective data for abdominal asess

Answer 19

Appetite

2. Dysphagia
3. Food intolerance
4. Abdominal pain
5. Nausea/vomiting
6. Bowel habits
7. Past abdominal history
8. Medications
9. Alcohol and tobacco
10. Nutritional assessment

Question 20

3 bony articulations for joints

Answer 20

(a) humerus, (b) radius, and (c) ulna of the forearm

Question 21

most prevalent type of arthritis

Answer 21

Osteoarthritis

Question 22

workplace injuries

Answer 22

Musculo-skeletal disorders in the workplace often result from repetitive, forceful, or awkward movements on bones, joints, ligaments, and other tissues resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or restricted movements.

Question 23

subjective data for musclo

Answer 23

Joints:

Pain
Stiffness
Swelling, heat, redness
Limitation of movement

2. Knee joint (if injured)
3. Muscles:Pain (cramps)
   Weakness
4. Bones:Pain
   Deformity
   Trauma (fractures, sprains, dislocations)
5. Functional assessment (ADLs)
6. Self-care behaviours