Nephrosis - Nephritis Flashcards
What happens when there is damage to podocytes?
Proteinuria
What happens if there is rupture of capillary wall or proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells?
Hematuria
What is the histological appearance of a GBM rupture?
CRESCENT: Inflammatory infiltrates in Bowman’s space become crescents consisting of coagulation proteins, macrophages, T cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. This irreversibly replace Bowman’s space and can result in rapidly progressive GN.
What protein does the slit diaphragm predominantly consist of?
nephrin
What are several podocyte proteins Nephrin interacts with
CD2AP, podocin, alpha-actinin-4
What are 4 nephritic features?
- Proteinuria
- Hematuria
- Renal failure
- HTN
What are the lab values for Proteinuria and Hypoalbuminemia
Proteinuria: Spot urine protein-creatinine ratio(UPCR) > 3.5 mg/mg
Hypoalbuminemia: albumin <2.5 mg/dL
What is the gold standard for proteinuria detection?
24 hour urine collection
what is the normal 24 hour urine value?
<150 mg/day
what 3 things can pyuria (leukocytes > 4) indicate?
- UTI
- Acute/Chronic Interstitial Nephritis (NSAID, ABx)
- Rejection of kidney transplant
What are Erythrocyte casts pathognomonic for?
acute GN
What can hyaline casts be caused by?
dehydration
exercise
diuretic meds
What can Granular casts be caused by?
underlying kidney disease
What can fatty casts be caused by?
Nephrotic syndrome
What can RBC casts be caused by?
nephritic syndrome
