Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nephrology > Nephritis Nephrosis TBL > Flashcards

Nephritis Nephrosis TBL Flashcards

1
Q

How is nephrotic syndrome defined?

A
  1. acute onset of edema
  2. proteinuria (>3.5g/d)
  3. hypoalbuminemia
  4. hyperlipidemia
  5. lipiduria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is acute nephritic syndrome

A
  1. edema
  2. hypertension
  3. azotemia (sometimes oliguria)
  4. nephritic urinary sediment (RBC, WBC, cellular casts)
  5. mild proteinuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Rapidly Progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). How serious is it?

A

rapid decrease of GRF associated with evidence of GN on urinary sediment
GLOMERULAR CRESENT
-emergency need fast tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 components of the glomerular epithelial barrier

A
  1. fenestrated capillary endothelium
  2. glomerular basement membrane
  3. podocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What prevents plasma proteins from leaking into the urinary space?

A

Slit diaphragms bridgeing the filtration slits between adjacent podocyte foot processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the etiology of GN?

A

deposition of immune complexes
leukocyte infiltration
inflammation disruption of the filtration barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Membranous Nephropathy (MN) or Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

A

abnormal thickening of the GBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for nephropathy?

A
  1. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
  2. collapsing GN
  3. Minimal change disease (MCD)
  4. Membranous nephropathy (MN)
  5. Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)
  6. disorders associated with plasma cell dyscrasias (amyloidosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are causes of MCD?

A

NSAID, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are causes of secondary FSGS?

A

Reduced nephron mass
Sickle cell disease
Massive obesity
inherited podocytopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are causes of Collapsing GN?

A 
HIV-associated nephropathy
Pamidronate use (breast cancer, myeloma pts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are causes of Membranous Nephropathy?

A

SLE –> antirheumatic drugs
Hep B
Solid tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some deposition disease associated with Nephropathy?

A

Amyloidosis

Light chain deposition disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the management for Nephropathy? (proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia)

A 
Proteinuria:
1. ACE inhib
2. angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
Edema
1. salt restriction
2. loop diuretics
Hyperlipidemia
1. statins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the characteristics of MCD? presentation?

A
  1. normal renal biopsy findings by light/immunofluorescency microscopy
  2. primary cause of nephrotic syndrom in children
  3. presents with rapid onset of anasarca + hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria
  4. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: effacement of foot processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristics of Primary FSGS?

A
  1. leading cause of nephrosis in BLACKS
  2. most common nephrosis etiology
  3. accumulation of fibrous scar tissue
  4. associated with HYPERTENSION
  5. progress to ESRD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What 2 things are MCD NOT associated with?

A
  1. Hypertension

2. severely diminished renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you distinguish MCD and FSGS?

A

pts w MCD respond to steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is FSGS Dx’d?

A

electromicroscopy:

diffuse effacement of foot processes, with AREAS OF SCLEROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are primary and secondary FSGS different?

A

Primary: immunosuppressive therapy is indicated
Secondary: more gradual onset, MINIMAL EDEMA, minimal HYPOALBUMINEMIA
—should be thought of more as renal damage (sclerosis due to compensatory effort)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the causes secondary FSGS?

A

damage/loss of glomeruli:

  1. renal agenesis
  2. Sickle cell disease
  3. vesicoureteral reflux
  4. surgical removal of kidney
    - -remaining glomeruli have higher load = hypertrophy/sclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Tx for Secondary FSGS?

A

ACEI, ARB, BP control, diuretics, statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the etiology of Inherited FSGS?

A

podocyte protein mutations (nephrin, podocin, a-actinin-4, TRPC6)
= podocyte loss = FSGS

24
Q

What are the age ranges for the specific mutations in Inherited FSGS?

A

Nephrin - birth
Podocin - Childhood
a-actining + TRPC6 - adult

25
What is the presentation of Collapsing Glomerulonephropathy
1. Huge proteinuria (>10g/d) 2. elevated creatinine 3. rapid progression to ESRD
26
What virus is Collapsing glomerulopathy associated with?
Parvovirus B19
27
What the the lab results of Collapsing glomerulopathy?
US: large echogenic kidney | enormous WAXY CASTS
28
What is the Tx of Collapsing glomerulopathy?
HAART | ACEI, ARB
29
What is the cause of MN?
immune deposts beneath foot processes specific for podocyte protein = GBM thickening
30
How is Primary and Secondary MN diagnosed?
primary: biopsy, phospholipase A2 receptor Ab secondary: complement levels, ANA, Hep B Ags, presence of infection
31
What is MN associated with in older people?
malignancy | GI, prostate, breast, lung
32
What are signs of amyloidosis causes of renal dysfunction?
1. older nondiabetic w/ severe albuminuria (w/ HF, hepatomegaly, peripheral neuropathy) 2. CONGO red staining 3. MACROGLOSSIA 4. circulating/urinary free light chains
33
What is the main cause of Nephritic syndrome?
inflammation within the glomerulus
34
What is the lab difference between Glomerulonephritis and nephrotic disorders
C3, C4 is abnormal in glomerulonephritis
35
What does a low C3 value with a normal C4 value indicate?
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis or Dense Deposit disease
36
What does a low C3 and low C4 value indicate?
1. lupus nephritis 2. GN associated with chronic infection (endocarditis) 3. hep C associated MembranoProlifGN 4. cryoglobinemia
37
What type of GN is indicated by normal complement levels?
Small vessel vasculitis associated w/ ANCAs and anti-GBM disease
38
What is the most common cause of GN? what age/race is most common
IgA nephropathy. whites/asians , younger men/boys
39
What are the Sx of IgAN?
``` HX OF URI asymptomatic microscopic hematuria mild proteinuria BROWN urine flank pain ```
40
What other disease is IgAN associated with?
RA spondyloarthropathies GI (celiac, chronic liver disease) Henoch-Schonlein purpura (lesions on legs/forearms)
41
what group is SLE related GN common in? | what is Dx?
young women - black or hispanic | check ANA titers
42
what are Sx of Poststreptococcal Glomerular Nephritis (PSGN)
``` gross hematuria proteinuria edema SEVERE HTN azotemia, sometimes oliguria ```
43
How is PSGN diagnosed
Hx (2-3 weeks after pharyngitis or skin infections cause group A B-hemolytic Strep) Hypocomplementemia (low C3, normal C4) anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titers DNase B, hyaluronidase Abs
44
What kind of pts have Endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis
IV drug users | prosthetic heart valves
45
What are Sx of EAGN?
right heart involvemnt myalgias, arthralgias, purpura LOW C3, LOW C4 elevated ESR, CRP
46
what type of infection is associated with Acute Renal failure
Acute endocarditis from S. Aureus
47
Where is type 1 MPGN seen most often? what are Sx?
``` adolescents/young adults severe proteinuria nephrotic syndrome accompanying nephritic features hematuria, RBC casts Azotemia, HTN ```
48
In adults, what is type 1 MPGN usually seen secondarily to?
``` chronic infection process systemic autoimmune disorder lymphoma Hep C Virus (MOST COMMON) mixed cryoglobulinemia ```
49
What are the lab results of MPGN?
low levels of complement C3, C4 | mixed nephritis-nephrotic presentation
50
What are histological features of MPGN?
duplication of the GBM (tram tracks)
51
what is the presentation of Dense deposit Disease?
nephrotic syndrome in childhood/adolescnece low C3, normal C4 HTN microscopic hematuria
52
What are the prominent risk factors of Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?
1. small-vessel vasculitis | 2. auto-Abs against the GBM
53
What does RPGN renal biopsy look like?
cresentic lesion on renal biopsy
54
what causes primary FSGS?
idiopathic
55
What is RPGN caused by?
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM Abs) - "ribbonlike staining" SLE Wegemers Granulomatosis (vasculitis) CRESCENT LESIONS

Nephrology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions