nephrology, sezer

Question 1

what is the most common cause of hospital acquired AKI?

Answer 1

**Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI)
sepsis
surgery
Nephrotoxic medication

Question 2

what is Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) and what does it result in?

Answer 2

iodinated contrast material are drugs containing iodine (that are given to patients to enhance the ability to see blood vessels and organs on medical images)
They are a main cause of hospital acquired acute kidney injury (AKI)

Question 3

what is the most common cause of Pre-renal AKI?

Answer 3

**hypovolemia (vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss)
**Acute Gastroenteritis
dec cardiac output
dec. effective circulating volume
–>congestive heart failure
–>liver failure
Impaired renal autoregulation: NSAIDs, ACE-1, cyclosporin

Question 4

what are the main causes of Intrinsic/Tubular ATN (renal) AKI?

Answer 4

-Renal ischemia, nephrotoxic drugs, Endogenous toxins.

-Acute glomerulonephritis, Lupus nephritis, IgA glomerulonephritis, infective endocarditis, Goodpasture disease, Wegener disease

-Infection, medication

-Bilateral renal artery stenosis/thrombosis of vein
, atherosclerotic, vasculitis.

Question 5

what are the most common Pre-renal AKI causes?

Answer 5

Hypovolemia; volume depletion
volume sequestration
low cardiac output

Question 6

what is the KDIGO criteria?

Answer 6

-increase in serum creatinine > or equal to 0.3mg/dl within 48 hrs.
or
-increase SCr > or equal to 1.5mg/dl within 7 days.
or
-urine volume <0.5 ml/kg/h for 6hrs /ANURIA (no urine)

Question 7

what is the RIFLE criteria?

Answer 7

Used to classify Rapid Renal Injury=Acute Renal Injury and which stage is the person in.
1)R; Risk
2)I; Injury
3)F; Failure
4)L; Loss
5)E; End stage renal disease

Question 8

Acute gastroenteritis may cause which type of AKI?

Answer 8

Pre-renal AKI

Question 9

Infective endocarditis, atherosclerotic, vasculitis, Wegener disease and Goodpasture disease all cause which type of AKI?

Answer 9

Intrinsic/renal AKI

Question 10

**what is the definition of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 10

it’s defined as abnormalities in the kidney functions and structure for more than 3 months

Question 11

***what is the criteria that determines that there’s chronic kidney disease?

Answer 11

***Decrease GFR: less than 60
&
one or more markers of kidney damage; such as Albuminuria >30

Question 12

who is at risk for chronic kidney disease?

Answer 12

diabetes
family history
hypertension
autoimmune disease
old age

Question 13

what is one imp cause of acute interstitial nephritis?

Answer 13

drugs; penicillin, NSAIDs, PPI(protein pump inhibitor)

Question 14

Hypotension(low cardiac output) causes which type of acute kidney injury?

Answer 14

prerenal kidney injury

Question 15

drugs such as NSAIDs, ACE-1, cyclosporin causes which type of acute kidney injury?

Answer 15

prerenal kidney injury